Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MEDICAL SURGICAL > THYROID DISORDERS > Flashcards

THYROID DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

These hormones are synthesized and stored bound to proteins in the cells of the thyroid gland until needed for release into the bloodstream.

A

THYROID HORMONES
T3 + T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

secretion of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland is controlled by

A

TSH
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (THYROTROPIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is essential to the thyroid gland for synthesis of its hormones.

A

IODINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INCREASES OF DECREASES?
If the thyroid hormone concentration in the blood decreases, the release of TSH

A

INCREASES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TSH controls the rate of thyroid hormone release through a

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secreted by the hypothalamus and exerts a modulating influence on the release of TSH from the pituitary.

A

TRH
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the by-products of cellular metabolism

A

ATP
HEAT
ENERGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The main function of thyroid hormone is

A

CONTROL CELLULAR METABOLIC ACTIVITY

OR

CONTROL BMR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a relatively weak thyroid hormone, maintains body metabolism in a steady state

A

T4 or THYROSINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is another important hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. The hormone is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium, and it reduces the plasma level of calcium by increasing its deposition in bone.

A

CALCITONIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is about five times as potent as T4 and has a more rapid metabolic action

A

T3 OR TRIIODOTHYRONINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

occurs when there is inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone during fetal and neonatal development, results in intellectual disability and stunted physical growth because of general
depression of metabolic activity

A

CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enlargement of thyroid gland that commonly occurs due to deficiency in iodine.

A

GOITER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When palpated, isthmus should be

A

FIRM
RUBBER BAND CONSITENCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Separates the 2 lobes of thyroid gland

A

ISTHMUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
isthmus is the only portion of the thyroid that is normally palpable.

A

TRUE

For patient has a very thin neck, two thin, smooth, nontender lobes may also be palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If palpation of thyroid gland reveals enlargement, it should be auscultated for

A

BRUIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Soft texture of thyroid gland upon palpation is an indication of

A

GRAVE’S DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

upon auscultation, it is indicative of increased blood flow through the thyroid gland associated with hyperthyroidism.

A

BRUIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Firmness of thyroid gland upon palpation is an indication of

A

HASHIMOTO DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tenderness of thyroid gland upon palpation is an indication of

A

THYROIDITIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

used for monitoring thyroid hormone replacement therapy and for differentiating between disorders of the thyroid gland itself and disorders of the pituitary or hypothalamus.

A

SERUM TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is the primary screening test of
thyroid function.

A

SERUM TSH CONCENTRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a direct measurement of free (unbound) thyroxine, the only
metabolically active fraction of T4

A

FREE T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
measures the rate of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE
22
The patient is given a tracer dose of iodine 123 or another radionuclide, and a count is made over the thyroid gland with a scintillation counter, which detects and counts the gamma rays released from the breakdown of 123I in the thyroid.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE
23
used to detect persistence or recurrence of thyroid carcinoma.
SERUM THYROGLOBULIN
24
results from suboptimal levels of thyroid hormone.
HYPOTHYROIDISM
25
most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults is
HASHIMOTO DISEASE
26
refers to a condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland leading to hypo function of the gland.
HASHIMOTO DISEASE
27
Refers to the cause of the hypothyroidism that is associated to dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself.
PRIMARY OR THYROIDAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
28
Refers to the the cause of the thyroid dysfunction that is failure of the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus, or both
CENTRAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
29
If the cause of hypothyroidism is entirely a pituitary disorder, it may be referred to as
PITUITARY OF SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
30
If the cause of hypothyroidism is a disorder of the hypothalamus resulting in inadequate secretion of TSH due to decreased stimulation of TRH, it is referred to as
HYPOTHALAMIC OR TERTIARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
30
refers to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in subcutaneous and other interstitial tissues.
MYXEDEMA
31
a rare life-threatening condition and a decompensated state of severe hypothyroidism in which the patient is hypothermic and unconscious.
MYXEDEMA COMA
32
Classic to hypothyroidism is
COLD INTOLERANCE
33
Goiter when becomes so large that it compresses the neck and chest, it can cause
RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS DYSPHAGIA
34
Decrease level of thyroid hormones leads to
SLOWIG OF BMR
35
Refers to the decreased acid production in the stomach due to hypothyroidism
ACHLORHYDRIA
36
The most important change caused by decreased level of thyroid hormones
LIPID METABOLISM
37
Refers to the bulging of the eyes
EXOPTHALMUS
37
Decreased consumption of oxygen due to decrease metabolism can lead to
ANEMIA ## Footnote the decreased in oxygen consumption stimulates the bone marrow to stop producing RBC (carry O2) thus there will be ANEMIA
37
drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism
LEVOTHYROXINE (SYNTHROID)
37
Thyroid extract or gland that is dried and powdered for medical use
DESICCATED THYROID
38
Most commonly used for treatment of hypothyroidism
LEVOTHYROXINE (SYNTHROID)
39
Desiccated thyroid takes up how many weeks to take effect?
3 weeks
40
Pharmacologic management for hypothyroidism
LIOTHYRONINE (CYTOMEL) LEVOTHYROXINE DESICCATED THYROID
41
Dietary management for hypothyrodisim
IODINE IODIZED SALT SEAFOODS DAIRY PRODUCTS
42
After thyroidectomy, one should watch out for signs and symptoms of
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
43
A complication of hypothyroidism
MYXEDEMA COMA
44
Characterized by progressive stupor ending in comatose state
MYXEDEMA COMA
45
Myxedema coma is triggered by
AWACS ACUTE ILLNESS WITHDRAWAL OF THYROID MEDS ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY COLD TEMPERATURE SEDATIVES AND OPOIDS ANALGESI ## Footnote ACUTE ILLNESS Increases the demand for energy leading to sudden decreased in thyroid hormone WITHDRAWAL OF THYROID MEDICATION causes sudden drop in thyroid hormones ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY increases demand for bmr  SEDATIVES AND OPOIDS ANALGESIC can lead to respiratory and neurologic depression
46
The use of these medication in hypothyroidism or myxedema coma can lead to respiratory and neurologic depression
SEDATIVES OPOIDS
46
Thickened, non-pitting edema of the skin
MYXEDEMA
46
Priority in managing myxedema coma
AIRWAY (MECHANICAL VENTILATOR)
47
Pharmacologic management for myxedema coma
SODIUM LEVOTHYROXINE WITH GLUCOSE AND CORTICOSTEROID ## Footnote Levothyroxine increases thyroid hormones and thus BMR which can also increases glucose metabolism. A sudden increase in glucose metabolism can cause decrease blood glucose level Glucose is administered to provide immediate energy substrate for cells and tissues Corticosteroid is hormone associated with stress response. Patient in myxedema coma undergoes such stress thus with the administration of corticosteroid it help maintain blood pressure, metabolic stability, and counteract the stress response associated with myxedema coma. Corticosteroid also prevent adrenal insufficiency.
48
Electrolyte imbalance seen in patient with myxedema coma
HYPONATREMIA ## Footnote Bradycardia seen in patient with myxedema can lead to decreased cardiac output and perfusion to the renal system causing renal failure and inability to secrete fluids thereby, fluid retention. Fluid retention causes hemodilution and thus hyponatremia.
49
Metabolic disorder or problem seen in patient with myxedema coma
HYPOGLYCEMIA ## Footnote Severe hypothyroidism can lead to very low thyroid hormones that is important in metabolism. Thyroid hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Decreased with these hormones can inhibit such process leading to hypoglycemia.
50
is a form of thyrotoxicosis resulting from an excessive synthesis and secretion of endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormones by the thyroid
HYPERTHYROIDISM
51
is an autoimmune disorder that results from an excessive output of thyroid hormones caused by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by circulating immunoglobulins
GRAVES DISEASE ## Footnote Immune cells mistakenly identify thyroid cells as antigen or foreign thus it produces thyroid antibodies which mimic the action of TSH leading to hyperthyroidism The antibodies produced mimic the action of TSH because they bind on the same receptor site and thus increase production that produces thyroid hormones
52
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
GRAVES DISEASE
53
most common form of treatment for Graves disease.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE (IODINE 131)
53
3 principal hallmarks of graves disease
HYPERTHYROIDISM GOITER EXOPTHALMUS
53
One of the cause of hyperthyroidism that is generally seen in in people over 50 years old with long standing goiter and is characterized by multiple thyroid nodules
TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER
54
Hyperthyroidism that is caused by excessive use of thyroid replacement hormone and overdosage of medication
EXOGENOUS HYPERTHYROIDISM
55
Hallmark of hyperthyroidism
HEAT INTOLERANCE
56
Classic sign of hyperthyroidism
EXOPTHALMUS
57
Common complication of hyperthyroidism
HEART DISEASE
58
Cells in the thyroid that is responsible for production of thyroid hormones
FOLLICULAR CELLS
59
What are the three major forms of hyperthyroidism medications
ANTITHYROID ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS RADIOACTIVE THERAPY
60
Antithyroid medications are
PROPYLTHIOURACIL METHIMAZOLE IODINE THERAPY (SSKI + LUGOL'S SOL)
61
SSKI stands for
SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE
62
Prior to surgery (thyroidectomy), the patient is given with this solution to decrease size and vascularity thus easy manipulation during surgery and prevent excessive bleeding
LUGOL'S SOLUTION ## Footnote When Lugol's solution is ingested, it saturates the thyroid gland with iodine. This excess iodine temporarily suppresses the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
63
refers to a phenomenon in which high levels of iodine temporarily suppress thyroid hormone synthesis and release
WOLFF-CHAIKOFF EFFECT
64
block the utilization of iodine leading to decrease synthesis and release
ANTITHYROID
65
This antithyroid drug is mix with juice or milks and is given by straw to prevent staining of the teeth.
SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE (SSKI)
66
indicated to decrease the cardiovascular signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis
ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
67
Diet for patient with hyperthyroidism.
4000-5000 KCAL ## Footnote This is because the patient has hyperactivity due to increase BMR. To support the needs for energy, one must have high caloric diet
67
Refers to sustained contraction of muscle as a result of hypocalcemia
TETANY
68
Pharmacologic management for patient experiencing tetany after thyroidectomy
CALCIUM GLUCONATE
69
After thyroidectomy, what are the things that must be readily prepared at bedside
CALCIUM GLUCONATE TRACHEOSTOMY CARE
70
Management for thyroid storm
ENSURE PATENT AIRWAY ANTIPYRETIC PNSS FOR HYDRATION PTU - 300 TO 900 mgs METHIMAZOLE - up to 60 mgs SSKI - 2g IV BETA BLOCKERS 1 to 3 mgs IV HYDOROCORTISONE - 100 to 50 mgs IV
70
What must be assess after thyroidectomy?
RNT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS NERVE DAMAGE TETANY ## Footnote RESPIRATORY DISTRESS related to hemorrhaged, edema, or laryngeal spasm NERVE DAMAGE nerve damage is common in thyroidectomy because of the location of the thyroid gland *Check for ability to speak, tone, and quality of the voice TETANY as s/s of hypocalcemia related to accidental removal of parathyroid gland
70
To prevent Addisonian crisis in patient with thyroid storm, what is given?
HYDROCORTISONE 100-150 mgs IV
71
TRUE OR FALSE patient who has thyroid storm should not palpate the thyroid gland
TRUE ## Footnote Palpation could stimulate the production of thyroid hormones
72
Severe form of hyperthyroidism
THYROID STORM

MEDICAL SURGICAL (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions