ACHALASIA + DES Flashcards
A condition that is characterized by an absent or ineffective peristalsis of the distal esophagus accompanied by failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax in response to swallowing
ACHALASIA
Main symptom of Achalasia
Dysphagia
Hall mark of achalasia
Difficulty with food
In achalasia, x-ray with contrast dye shows a dilated esophagus with a narrowing at the lower end, forming a characteristic appearance of
BIRD’S BEAK
Confirmatory diagnosis for achalasia
Esophageal Manometry
Pharmacologic management for achalasia
Drugs that relaxes LES
BBBCNX
Benzodiazepine
Beta blocker
Botox injection
Calcium Channel Blocker
Nitrates
Xanthines
Surgical management wherein it is ised to stretch or widen a narrowed area of esophagus using a balloon
ESOPHAGEAL PNEUMATIC DILATION
Surgical procedure wherein surgeon cuts or releases muscles fibers in the esophagus to help it relax
Heller’s myotomy
Surgical procedure used for those who do not responds to dilation
Esophageal myotomy (Heller’s Myotomy)
A condition where the muscles in the esophagus contract irregularly and cause discomfort or difficulty in swallowing
ESOPHAGEAL SPASM
Referred to as hypercontractile esophagus. Spasms occur on more than 20% of swallows at a very high amplitude, duration, and length
JACKHAMMER OR NUTCRACKER ESOPHAGUS
Characterize by xtremely strong and coordinated contractions
NUTCRACKER OR JACKHAMMER
The spasms are normal in amplitude but are premature/uncoordinated, move quickly, and occur at various places in the esophagus at once
DIFFUSED ESOPHAGEAL SPAMS
Non peristaltic, low amplitude, uncoordinated spasm
DIFFUSE ESOPHAGEAL SPASM
Characterized by lower esophageal sphincter obstruction with esophageal spasms
TYPE 3 SPASTIC ACHALASIA
