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MEDICAL SURGICAL > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

chemical transmitter substances

A

HORMONES

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2
Q

in charge of endocrine functions of pancreas

A

ISLET OF LANGERHANS

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3
Q

secretes corticotropin-releasing factor, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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4
Q

Also called adenohypophysis

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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5
Q

Also called Neurohypohysis

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

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6
Q

A surgical procedure wherein pituitary gland is taken out through your nose via the sphenoid sinus

A

TRANSSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY

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7
Q

maintain equilibrium of hormones and chemicals in the body

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

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8
Q

promotes an increase in blood glucose level

A

GLUCAGON

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9
Q

decrease glucose level

A

INSULIN

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10
Q

Released in response to a low blood sugar level.

A

GLUCAGON

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11
Q

released in response to a high blood glucose level

A

INSULIN

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12
Q

Released after ingestion of a meal and inhibits release of both insulin and glucagon.

A

SOMASTOSTATIN

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13
Q

delay nutrient absorption by the GI tract, thus prolonging the duration of intestinal absorption after a meal.

A

SOMASTOSTATIN

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14
Q

Cells that is responsible for production of insulin

A

BETA

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15
Q

Cells that is responsible for production of glucagon

A

ALPHA

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16
Q

Cells that is responsible for production of Somastostatin

A

DELTA

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17
Q

Stimulates liver to release stored glucose (Glycogen)

A

GLUCAGON

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18
Q

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

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19
Q

Synthesis of amino acids to produce Glucose

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS

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20
Q

Inhibit protein, carbohydrates, and fats breakdown

A

INSULIN

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21
Q

Stores carbohydrates into the liver and muscle

A

INSULIN

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22
Q

Release of slow and continuous insulin

A

BASAL RATE

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23
Q

Release of rapid insulin in response to stimulation (Hyperglycemia)

A

BOLUS RATE

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24
Q

Complex network of glands and organs that uses hormones to regulate and integrate body functions

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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25
Q

Functional unit of endocrine system

A

GLANDS

26
Q

Controls the endocrine system

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

27
Q

Known as the master of endocrine system as it is the one who stimulates other glands

A

PITUITARY GLAND

28
Q

It is a pea-size gland located below the hypothalamus

A

PITUITARY GLAND

29
Q

Pituitary gland is also referred to as

A

HYPOPHYSIS

30
Q

Releases ADH and Oxytocin

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY
(Neurohypophysis)

31
Q

Releases stimulating hormones to stimulate other glands

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

32
Q

Releases prolactin responsible for production of milk

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

33
Q

Releases growth hormones

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

34
Q

A hormone responsible for water retention

A

ADH (Vasopressin)

35
Q

Butterfly shaped gland located under the larynx and is responsible for regulating metabolism

A

THYROID GLAND

36
Q

A gland that also secretes calcitonin to decrease calcium level

A

THYROID GLAND

37
Q

Two main hormones secreted by throid gland for metabolism

A

T3 + T4

38
Q

T3 is known as

A

TRIIODOTHYRONINE

39
Q

T4 is known as

A

THYROXINE

40
Q

Inhibits activity of osteoclast, which is responsible for bone dimineralization

A

CALCITONIN

41
Q

Tiny gland not larger than grain of rice. Located posterior to thyroid and control level of calcium

A

PARATHYROID GLAND

42
Q

Gland responsible for production of hormones that stimulates sympathetic responses, inflammatory process, glucose level, sodium and water retention, and androgen

A

ADRENAL GLAND

43
Q

Produces catecholamines

A

ADRENAL MEDULLA

44
Q

Produces Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, and Sex hormone (Androgen)

A

ADRENAL CORTEX

45
Q

Produces sex hormones

A

GONADS

46
Q

A test for blood glucose level which requires patient to be in NPO for 8 hrs

A

FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE
FASTING BLOOD SUGAR

47
Q

Normal value of FBS/FBG

A

70-110 mg/dL

48
Q

Value of FBS that indicates patient is diabetic

A

> 145 mg/dL for 2 readings (Magtulis)
126 mg/dL (book)

49
Q

Blood sugar level test that does not need fasting. Usually CBG

A

RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR

50
Q

Normal value for RBS

A

80-120 mg/dL

51
Q

Test use to check if insulin is working. A 75g of anhydrous glucose is taken by the patient and after certain amount of time, blood sugar is taken.

A

ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST

52
Q

value of OGTT that indicates diabetes

A

> 200 mg/dL (book)

53
Q

Test use to measure glucose control and compliance to medication (OHA) for 3 months

A

HBA1C
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Hemoglobin A1c

54
Q

Best indicator of DM

A

HBA1C

55
Q

Normal value of HBA1c

A

4-6%

56
Q

Pre diabetic value of HBA1c

A

5.7-6-4% (Lecturio)

57
Q

Diabetic value of HBA1c

A

6.5-7% or greater (lecturio)

58
Q

Use to detect presence of glucose or ketones in urine

A

URINE TEST
URINE DIPSTICK TEST
KETOSTICK OR CHEMSTICK

59
Q

Test use to check blood glucose level 2 hours after the first ingestion (bite) of meal

A

POST PRADIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE

60
Q

Normal value of PPBG

A

<140 mg/dL

61
Q

Diabetic value of PPBG

A

> 180 mg/dL

> 200 mg/dL (book)

MEDICAL SURGICAL (14 decks)

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