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MEDICAL SURGICAL > GI BLEEDING, GASTRITIS, PEPTIC ULCER > Flashcards

GI BLEEDING, GASTRITIS, PEPTIC ULCER Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

can occur from hematologic disorders that decrease platelet numbers or function

A

MASSIVE GI BLEEDING

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2
Q

is most often caused by hemorrhoids and polyps of the colon

A

LOWER GI BLEEDING

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3
Q

a condition where open sores develop on the inner lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine

A

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE

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4
Q

is inflammation of the stomach lining, often causing pain, nausea, and discomfort

A

GASTRITIS

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5
Q

are enlarged and swollen veins in the esophagus, typically occurring due to liver disease, and they pose a risk of bleeding

A

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

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6
Q

Blood in the vomit. Occurs when blood from the digestive tract mixes with stomach content.

A

Hematemesis

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7
Q

Blood in the stool. It indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding, often originating from the colon or rectum

A

HEMATOCHEZIA

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8
Q

Black tarry stool which is an indication of Upper GI bleeding

A

MELENA

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9
Q

A physical examination in which a healthcare provider uses a lubricated, gloved finger (digit) to assess the lower part of the rectum and surrounding structures

A

DIGITAL RECTAL EXAM

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10
Q

A common and direct method to identify the source of bleeding. Uses instruments like an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for upper gastrointestinal bleeding or colonoscopy for lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A

ENDOSCOPY

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11
Q

These tests assess the blood’s ability to clot and may be abnormal in the presence of significant bleeding.

A

PROTHROMBIN TIME
ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

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12
Q

These tests detect hidden blood in the stool, providing evidence of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A

FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST

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13
Q

Medical management for GI Bleedinf

A

NGT -> Gastric lavage

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14
Q

Characterized by a disruption of the mucosal barrier that normally protectsthe stomach tissue from digestive juices

A

GASTRITIS

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15
Q

Is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach (gastric mucosa)

A

GASTRITIS

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16
Q

most common form of gastritis

A

ACUTE GASTRITIS

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17
Q

Form of gastritis wherein inflammation is usually transient and self-limiting in nature

A

ACUTE GASTRITIS

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18
Q

Form of gastritis that is associated with ingestion of alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, caffeine or contaminated food

A

ACUTE GASTRITIS

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19
Q

Form of gastritis wherein it causes the gastric mucosa to become edematous and hyperemic (congested
with fluid and blood) and to undergo superficial erosion

A

ACUTE GASTRITIS

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20
Q

Stress-induced gastritis

A

EROSIVE GASTRITIS

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21
Q

Form of gastritis that can lead to chronic inflammatory changes, and eventually atrophy (or thinning) of the gastric tissue

A

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

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22
Q

Type of chronic gastritis that is known as Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

A

TYPE A

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23
Q

Type of chronic gastritis that is triggered by physical or psycho-emotional stressors

A

TYPE A

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24
Q

Type of chronic gastritis that affects the fundus and the body of the stomach

A

TYPE A GASTRITIS

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25
Q

Type of chronic gastritis also known as Simple Atrophic Gastritis

A

TYPE B

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26
Q

Type of chronic gastritis that is strongly associated with colonization of the gastric mucosa by H. Pylori

A

TYPE B

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27
Q

Type of chronic gastritis that is is often asymptomatic until atrophy is well advanced

A

TYPE B

28
Q

Type of chronic gastritis that is not relieved by antacids

A

TYPE B

29
Q

Type of chronic Gastritis that affects the glands of the antrum but may involve the entire stomach

A

TYPE B

30
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for gastritis. Direct visualization of the stomach lining

A

ENDOSCOPY

31
Q

measures the amount of HCL acid secreted by the stomach

A

BASAL ACID OUTPUT TEST

32
Q

Measures the total acid output after Pentagastrin injection

A

GASTRIC ACID STIMULATION TEST

33
Q

What is injected to patient in Gastric acid stimulation test?

A

PENTAGASTRIN

34
Q

This test is used to evaluate the capacity of the stomach to produce acid

A

GASTRIC ACID STIMULATION TEST

35
Q

To detect the presence of H. pylori bacteria

A

H. Pylori Breath Test

36
Q

In mild cases, what is the drug of choice for gastritis?

A

ANTACID

37
Q

In erosive cases, what is the DOC for gastritis

A

AHMA

ANTACID
H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
MUCOSAL BARRIE FORTIFIERS
ANTIBIOTICS

38
Q

In atrophic cases, what is the DOC for gastritis?

A

AV

ANTICHOLINERGIC
VITAMIN B12 INJECTION

39
Q

If peptic ulcer is caused by H. pylori, what is the DOC

A

BAP

BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATES
ANTIBIOTICS
PPI

40
Q

anastomosis of jejunum to stomach to detour around the pylorus

A

GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY

41
Q

necessary to treat gastric outlet obstruction, also called pyloric obstruction, a narrowing of the pyloric orifice

A

GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY

42
Q

Surgical procedure done in rare cases where severe gastritis is part of a larger condition or where there is a high risk of developing stomach cancer

A

GASTRECTOMY

43
Q

a surgical procedure in which pyloric valve at the lower portion of the stomach is cut & resutured, relaxing & widening its muscular opening into the duodenum

A

PYLOROPLASTY

44
Q

is the surgical cutting of the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion in the stomach

A

VAGOTOMY

45
Q

A sharply defined break in the continuity of the tissue involving the mucosa, submucosa and muscular layers of the digestive tract exposed to acid (Hydrochloric acid and Pepsin).

A

PEPTIC ULCER

46
Q

Are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine

A

PEPTIC ULCER

47
Q

May be referred to as a gastric, duodenal, or esophageal ulcer, depending on its location

A

PEPTIC ULCER

48
Q

formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids

A

PEPTIC ULCER

49
Q

ulcers that develop inside the esophagus

A

ESOPHAGEAL ULCER

50
Q

Type of peptic ulcer due to rapid diffusion of acid in the gastric mucosa

A

GASTRIC ULCER

51
Q

Type of peptic ulcer that tend to heal with in few weeks

A

GASTRIC ULCER

52
Q

Type of peptic ulcer that form within 1 inch of the pylorus of the stomach (area where gastritis is common)

A

GASTRIC ULCER

53
Q

Type of Peptic Ulcer that is due to ↑ secretion of HCL acid in the gastric mucosa & ↑rate of gastric
emptying

A

DUODENAL ULCER

54
Q

Type of peptic ulcer that usually occurs within 1.5 cm of the pylorus

A

DUODENAL ULCER

55
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Pain that is present with food

A

GASTRIC

56
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Pain that is present in empty stomach

A

DUODENAL

57
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Vomiting relieves pain

A

GASTRIC

58
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Pain relieved with food intake and antacid

A

DUODENAL

59
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Antacid is ineffective

A

GASTRIC

60
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Melena

A

DUODENAL

61
Q

GASTRIC OR DUODENAL?
Hematemesis

A

GASTRIC

62
Q

measures the amount of acid produced by the stomach. This test provides information about the functioning of the gastric mucosa

A

GASTRIC ANALYSIS

63
Q

Diet for peptic ulcer

A

High protein, fat
Low carb

64
Q

Recommended position for peptic ulcer

A

Recumbent or semi-recumbent

65
Q

Surgical management wherein the surgeon removes a portion of the stomach, usually the distal part
(antrum), and then connects the remaining stomach directly to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine)

A

BILLROTH 1

66
Q

Surgical management wherein the surgeon also removes a portion of the stomach, typically the distal part and connect to the jejunum (the second part of the small intestine

A

BILLROTH 2

MEDICAL SURGICAL (14 decks)

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