Thyroid

Question 1

Thyroid tissues consist of

Answer 1

Sac like structures called thyroid follicles

Question 2

How are the follicular cells arranged

Answer 2

In circular pattern

Question 3

Characteristics of the follicle cells (2)

Answer 3

Single layer of epithelium

Synthesize the thyroid hormone

Question 4

Follicles are filled with what

Answer 4

Colloid

Question 5

What is the colloid (2)

Answer 5

Viscous protein rich liquid

Main storage form of the thyroid hormone

Question 6

C cells or parafollicular cells are located where

Answer 6

outside follicle

Question 7

C cell secrete

Answer 7

Calcitonin

Question 8

Calcitonin is

Answer 8

A hormone that regulate calcium metabolism

Question 9

Molecules important for the production of thyroid hormones (2)

Answer 9

Tyrosine

Iodine

Question 10

Tyrosine is a part of a large protein called

Answer 10

Thyroglobulin

Question 11

Where does iodine come from

Answer 11

From the diet

Question 12

Iodine is converted to

Where

Answer 12

Iodide

In the intestinal tract and transported to thyroid

Question 13

T or F

Iodide concentration is higher in the outside of the cell

Answer 13

False

Concentration is 25-200x higher IC

Question 14

How do follicle cell trap iodide

Answer 14

With the Na/I transporter

Question 15

The 1st step in the production is

Answer 15

Oxidation of iodide into iodine

Question 16

Who oxidizes iodide into iodine

Answer 16

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) located in the apical membrane

Question 17

Binding of the iodine with the thyroglobulin molecule is called

And happens where

Answer 17

Organification of the thyroglobulin

In colloid or outside of cell

Question 18

Tyrosyl ring can accommodate 2 iodine molecules which are

Answer 18

MIT monoiodotyrosine

DIT diiodotyrosine

Question 19

MIT is

Answer 19

One molecule of iodine

Question 20

DIT is

Answer 20

Two molecules of iodine

Question 21

TPO catalyzes the fusion of

Answer 21

2 of these iodinated tyrosines

Question 22

1 DIT + 1DIT=

Answer 22

4 iodine molecules

Question 23

1MIT + 1 DIT=

Answer 23

3 iodine molecules

Question 24

3 iodine-tyrosine molecules are called

Answer 24

T3 OR TRIIODOTHYRONINE

Question 25

4 iodine-tyrosine molecules are called

Answer 25

T4 OR THYROXINE

Question 26

What is the major hormone produced by follicle cells

Answer 26

T4

Question 27

Thyroid hormones will secreted after stimulation by

Answer 27

TSH

Question 28

TSH is released by

Answer 28

Adenohypophysis

Question 29

Who releases TRH

Answer 29

Hypothalamus

Question 30

How are thyroid hormones are transported

Answer 30

In plasma attached proteins such as Thyroxine binding protein (TBG) and albumin

Question 31

TGB and albumin are produced by

Answer 31

Liver

Question 32

Free T4 enters and is converted into T3 by

Answer 32

Iodothyronine deiodinases in cytosol

Question 33

What is the primary factor for the control of metabolism

Answer 33

Thyroid hormones

Question 34

Actions of thyroid hormones (7)

Answer 34

Increase the number of mitochondrial prot and activity
Increase basal metabolic rate of cells
Stimulate carbohydrate metabolism
Fat metabolism
Influence growth and development
Increase blood flow and cardiac output
Increase heart rate

Question 35

T or F
Weight gain in hypo
Weight loss in hyper

Answer 35

True

Question 36

T or F

Plasma and liver fat are decreased under thyroid stimulation

Answer 36

True