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Cell Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

T OR F

Antiparallel processes happen in the same compartment

A

FALSE.

Anabolic and catabolic processes are separated compartments so there is no competition for substrate or interference in the reaction

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2
Q

AN EXAMPLE OF ANTIPARALLEL PROCESSING

A

F.A. synthesis in the CYTOSOL and F.A. oxidation in mitochondria

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3
Q

T OR F

SIMILAR REACTIONS WITH DIFFERENCES PURPOSES DO NOT NEED TO BE IN SEPARATED COMPARTMENTS

A

FALSE

Similar reactions with DIFFERENT purposes are separated

Ex. F.A. oxidation in mitochondria for energy production, and in peroxide for heat production

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4
Q

Coordination of reactions are involved in?

A

The same pathway

Ex. TCA and ETC are central point of energy metabolism in cells and are located in the mitochondria

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5
Q

T OR F

NO BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE = NO LIFE

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane (3)

A
  1. Regulated the movement of material into and out of the cell
  2. Facilitated electrical signaling between cells
  3. Defines the boundaries of organelles and separates complex chemical reactions
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7
Q

T OR F

PLASMA MEMBRANE LACKS OF PROTEINS

A

FALSE

IS FILLED WITH PROTEINS

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8
Q

Cell membrane are _____ ______ ________ and most of their fluid structure ____ in the plane of the membrane

A

Dynamic fluid structure

Move

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9
Q

T OR F

THE LIPID BILAYER IS ABOUT 5 NM THIN

A

FALSE

IS 5NM THICK

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10
Q

WHAT DOES THE LIPID BILAYER PROVIDE ?

A

Provides the fluid structure of the membrane and serves as a relatively impermeable barrier to the passage of most water soluble molecules

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11
Q

What do some of the membrane protein do

A

They span the lipid bilayer and mediate many functions of the membrane such as transport and catalysis reactions

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12
Q

Transmembrane proteins serve as

A

Structural links that connect the Cytoskeleton through lipid bilayer to either the extracellular matrix or an adjacent cell

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13
Q

Other functions of proteins in membrane

A

Receptors to detect and transducer signals

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14
Q

What is the freeze-fracture technique?

A

Method to study cell membrane by physically breaking apart (fracturing) a frozen sample of layer

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15
Q

What are the components of a membrane (6)

A 
Lipids - phospholipids, glycolipids
Proteins- integral and peripheral
Carbohydrates
Water
Dialing bonds
Cholesterin
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16
Q

What are the 3 main lipids in the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Cholesterol

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17
Q

T OR F

The plasma is 5-10 nm thick

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Characteristics of the plasma membrane (4)

A

Thin, pliable, elastic structure 5-10 nm thick

Impedes penetration by water soluble substances

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19
Q

Properties of cell membrane (6)

A
  1. Separates the cellular interior from exterior
  2. Exchanges information with the environment in a controlled manner
  3. Extremely dynamic
  4. Membrane get information from cell about metabolic status
  5. Selective barrier
  6. Contain enzymes and receptors
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20
Q

The phospholipids molecules have a polar and non polar parts. Which one is hydrophobic and which one is hydrophilic?

A

Polar is hydrophilic

Non polar is hydrophobic

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21
Q

What molecules are in the polar head

A

Glycerol
Choline
Phosphate

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22
Q

T or F

Hydrocarbon tails are in the hydrophobic end of the phospholipid molecules

A

True

They’re in the non polar end which is hydrophobic

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23
Q

What are the 4 major phospholipids molecules found in mammals

A
  1. Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine
  2. Phosphatidyl-serine
  3. Sphingomyelin
  4. Sphingosine
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24
Q

From the four major phospholipids found in mammals which one is/are Sphingolipids?

A

Sphingosine

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25
From the four major phospholipids found in mammals which one is/are Phosphoglycerides?
Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine Phosphatidyl-serine Sphyngomyelin
26
T or F | Phospholipids form Michelle or bilayer in aqueous environments
TRUE
27
What molecules form micelles
Cone shaped ampiphilic molecules
28
What molecules form bilayers
Cylinder shaped phospholipids
29
T OR F THE SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER TO FORM A SEALED COMPARTMENT IS ENERGICALLY NON FAVORABLE
FALSE IS MOST ENERGICALLY FAVORABLE
30
How do phospholipids move in the lipid bilayer?
Through transversal or lateral diffusion
31
T OR F | Lateral diffusion occurs more often than transferal diffusion
TRUE IT IS EASIER TO MOVE LATERALY THAN ACROSS
32
Fluidity of the lipid bilayer depends on
Its composition and the temperature on which it was analyzed
33
What is phase transition
Change of lipid bilayer from liquid state to a two dimensional rigid crystalline state (gel)
34
What happens to the phase transitions if the phospholipids chains are shorter and have double bonds
The phase transition and the temperature at which it occurs are lower
35
T OR F | Lipid bilayer is stabilized by hydrophilic interactions between lipid fatty acid chain
FALSE | STABILIZED BY HYDROPHOBIC
36
fluidity depends on
Lipid composition Cholesterin content Temperature
37
What happens to the lipids if temperature is low
They show less movement, so its in a paracrystaline state. More rigid.
38
What happens to the lipids if temperatures are high
More fluidity
39
T or F Shorter chains increase the tendency of hydrocarbon tails to interact with one another so that the membrane remains fluid at low temperatures
FALSE REDUCE THE TENDENCY
40
T OR F | MORE CHOLESTEROL LESS FLUIDITY
FALSE MORE FLUIDITY
41
how do we demonstrate membrane fluidity?
Fluorescent microscopy and FRAP
42
WHAT IS FRAP
FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING
43
CONTEXT OF CELL(4)
Extracellular tissue Basal lamina Connective tissue Collagen fibers
44
What can you find in the connective tissue
The Extracellular matrix with the fibroblast and collagen
45
Fibroblast produce
Collagen
46
T OR F | MACROMOLECULES IN THE ECM ARE MAINLY PRODUCED LOCALLY BY FIBROBLASTS IN THE MATRIX
FALSE BY CELLS IN THE MATRIX
47
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CLASSES OF MACROMOLECULES
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS GAGS COLLAGEN NON COLLAGEN FIBROUS PROTEINS
48
WHAT ARE THE NON COLLAGEN FIBROUS PROTEINS
LAMININ NIDOGEN FIBRONECTIN
49
WHAT IS COLLAGEN
fibrous, ling, stiff, triple stranded helical protein, rich in praline, glycine and is glycosylated
50
The human genome contains how many genes coding for different collagen chains?
42
51
Type 1 collagen
Skin, bone, cornea, internal organs, tendons
52
Type 2 collagen
Cartilage, inverters disc, notochord
53
Type 3 collagen
Skin, blood vessels, internal organs
54
T OR F TYPE 1 AND 2 COLLAGENS ARE IN THE SKIN AND INTERNAL ORGANS
FALSE IS 1 AND 3
55
Elastin is
Gives elasticity to tissues Hydrophobic protein rich in praline and glycine but is not glycosylated
56
What is the difference between Elastin and collagen
Collagen is glycosylated and Elastin is not
57
What is a rubber band
Molecules are joined together by covalent bonds to generate cross linked network
58
T OR F Glycoproteins in the Extracellular matrix have multiple domains each with a specific binding site for other macromolecules and receptors
NOR DEGRADE KTTRUE
59
WHAT DOES FIBRONECTIN DO
Helps organize the ECM and cells attach to it
60
What is the basil lamina
Thin, flexible, though part of Extracellular membrane
61
What is laminin
The 1ry organizer of the sheet structure of basal lamina
62
What is laminin composed of
3 polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds
63
T OR F CELL CANT MAKE ECM NOR ORGANIZE, NOR DEGRADE IT
FALSE | THEY CAN
64
Integrins do?
Link the cytoskeleton with the ecm
65
Integrins are
Transmembrane cell adhesion that work as matrix receptors
66
What are the Cytoskeleton filaments that maintain the shape of cell
Tubulin and actin
67
Cytoskeleton determines
Cellular organization and polarity
68
A cell has to (4)
Be correctly shaped Be physically robust Internally structure Change its place and move from one place to another
69
What 3 different filaments compose the cytoskeleton
Actin filament Microtubules Intermediate filament
70
T OR F | ACTIN IS 24 NM
FALSE IS 7 nm
71
Microtubules are
Polymers of the protein tubulin
72
T OR F | TUBULIN IS A HETERODIMER FORM CROM TWO CLOSELYBRELATED GLOBULAR PROTEINS CALLED GAMMA TUBULIN AND BETA TUBULIN
FALSE ALPHA TUBULIN AND BETA TUBULIN
73
T OR F IN TUBULIN, GTP BOUND TO ALPHA TUBULIN IS TRAPPED AND NEVER HYDROLIZED NOR EXCHANGED
TRUE
74
T OR F | IN TUBULIN, GTP IN ALPHA TUBULIN IS EITHER GTP AND GDP FORM AND IS EXCHANGEABLE
FALSE IS IN BETA TUBULIN
75
Microtubules are
Hollow cylindrical structures built from protofilaments each composed of alpha and beta Tubulin HETERODIMER stacked head to tail and then folded into a tube
76
What Cytoskeleton filament is a HETERODIMER stacked head to tail and then folded into a tube
Microtubulin
77
Dynamic instability is
Process where microtubules shrink or grow
78
What causes the microtubules to grow
Addition of GTP containing Tubulin to the end of a protofilament
79
What causes the microtubules to shrink
If GTP hydrolysis proceeds more rapidly that the addition of new subunits
80
Where does microtubules originate from
From the specific cellular location known as the microtubules organizing center or MTOC
81
T or F In animals cells the matrix is the major MTOC
False The centrosomes is the major MTOC
82
What are the MAPS
Microtubules associated proteins Kinesis and dyenin
83
How does kinesis travel
Normally towards the plus end
84
Dyenin travels
Toward minus end
85
MAPs move
Organelles, Vesicles in cell, and Vesicles with pigments or melanosomes
86
What is the taxol paclitaxel
Principle of anticancer chemotherapy | Blocking microtubules kills cancer
87
What is Celia made of
Microtubules
88
Where is cilia
airways, to clean and remove mucous
89
What is flagella for
To move cells in liquid environment
90
Actin subunits form
A tight right handed helix called filamentous actin
91
What is f-actin
Filamentous actin, right handed helix of actin
92
Actin is (2)
Flexible | Can polymerize to grow or depolymerize
93
T OR F | ATP BOUND TO ACTIN HAS LOWER AFFINITY FOR THE NEIGHBORING SUBUNIT AND REMAINS UNSTABLE IN FILAMENT
FALSE HAS HIGHER AFFINITY AND REMAINS STABLE IN FILAMENT
94
T OR F ADP BOUND ACTIN CAN EASILY DISSOCIATE FROM THE FILAMENT
True
95
A bundle forming cross-linked has
Fascin cross linker
96
Gel forming cross-linker has
Filament cross linker
97
What does stress fiber crossing have
Contracting actin filaments Contractile bundle
98
Cell cortex cross linker have
Gel like network
99
Filopodium is
Tight-parallel bundle
100
Type 1 and 2 intermediary filaments
Acid and basic Kerstin produced in epithelial cells
101
Type 3 intermediary filaments
``` Vinentin in fibroblast Endothelial cells and leukocytes Destin in muscle Gila febrile in astrocyte Perinephrine in nerve cells ```
102
Type 4 intermediary filaments
Neurofilament heavy, medium, and low | Filensin and phakinin in eyes
103
Type 5 intermediary filaments
Lamina of nuclear membrane

Cellular Biology (13 decks)

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