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Cellular Biology > Endocrine Pancreas > Flashcards

Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The exocrine pancreas is composed of

A

Acimals cells and duct cells

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2
Q

The exocrine pancreas is involved with

A

GI function

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3
Q

The exocrine pancreas secretes what

A

Enzymes into the lumen of the duodenum

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4
Q

Endocrine pancreas is

A

Organized islet

Islets of Langerhans

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5
Q

The endocrine pancreas composed how much of it

A

2-3% of pancreas

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6
Q

Type of cells in the endocrine pancreas

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta
F cells

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7
Q

The alpha cell produce

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

The beta cell produce

A

Insulin

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9
Q

The delta cell produce

A

Somatostatin

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10
Q

The F cell produce

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

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11
Q

T of F
All pancreatic cells are involved in glucose metabolism but only glucagon is the only one that can lower glucose levels in the body

A

False

Is insulin

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12
Q

What is insulin

A

Polypeptide hormone produced by the beta cells in response to hyperglycemia

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13
Q

How is insulin synthesized

A

As a larger molecule of the Golgi apparatus and packaged into secretory granules awaiting for secretion

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14
Q

Insulin consists of how many chains

A

2

Alpha and beta

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15
Q

How are the chains in insulin connected

A

By 2 disulfide bridges

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16
Q

T or F

The secretagogues depends on the natural diet and nutritional status of species

A

True

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17
Q

So if its an omnivore what would it use

A

Glucose

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18
Q

If it was a carnivore will use

A

A.a

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19
Q

How is insulin released form the beta cells

A

With the use of GLUT2 as a transporter

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20
Q

T or F

A decrease of blood glucose concentration leads to insulin secretion and synthesis

A

False

An increase

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21
Q

The secretion of insulin follows a biphasic kinetics whit what phases

A

Acute and chronic phases

22
Q

Acute phase involves what

A

Release of performed insulin

23
Q

Chronic phase involves

A

Synthesis of proteins

24
Q

After insulin is released, what happens

A

It binds to a specific membrane receptor called tyrosine kinase receptor

25
Q

What tissues have insulin receptors (3)

A

Liver
Muscle
Fat

26
Q

What is the physiological action of insulin

A

Lower blood glucose concentration, and a.a.

27
Q

How does insulin lowers concentration of glucose and a.a.

A

By promoting the conversion of them into their storage form

28
Q

What are the storage forms (3) (talking about how insulin converts glucose and a.a.)

A

Glycogen
Triglycerides
Proteins

29
Q

T or F

Insulin is an anabolic hormone

A

True

30
Q 
In the liver 
Carbohydrate metabolism (3)
A

Increase glycogen synthesis

Decrease glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

31
Q

In the liver

Lipid metabolism

A

Decrease lipolysis

32
Q

In the liver

Protein metabolism

A

Decrease gluconeogenesis

33
Q 
In the muscle
Carbohydrate metabolism(3)
A

Increase glycogen synthesis and glucose transport

Decrease glycogenolysis

34
Q 
In the muscle
Protein metabolism (3)
A

Increase a.a. uptake and protein synthesis

Decrease protein degradation

35
Q 
In fat
Carbohydrate metabolism(3)
A

Increase glucose transport and glycogen synthesis

Decrease glycogenolysis

36
Q

In fat

Lipid metabolism

A

Decrease lipolysis

37
Q

Insulin in muscle and fat

A

Facilitates glucose entry into cells by increasing the number of specific glucose transporters (GLUT4)

38
Q

GLUT 4 is (3)

A

Only insulin sensitive
Present in the muscle and adipose tissue
Most important GLUT in cell

39
Q

What is the most important glucose transport in the cell

A

Glut 4

40
Q

Insulin inactivation is metabolized by

A

The liver and kidney

41
Q

Glucagon is

A

A polypeptide hormone produced by the alpha cells

42
Q

Physiological actions of glucagon are in

A

Main effect are centered in the liver and greatly enhance the availability of glucose to other organs

43
Q

What are the physiological actions of glucagon (3)

A

Decrease glycogen synthesis
Breakdown of liver glycogen- glycogenolisis
Increase liver gluconeogenesis

44
Q

Synthesis of glucagon is stimulated by

A

Decrease concentration of glucose

45
Q

Epinephrine is produced by

A

Adrenal medulla

46
Q

Cortisol is produced by

A

Adrenal cortex

47
Q

Growth hormone is produced by

A

Adenohypophysis

Or anterior pituitary gland

48
Q

Pancreatic somatostatin is produced by

A

Delta cells

49
Q

Inhibitory actions of pancreatic somatostatin (2)

A

Decrease motility and secretory activity of GI tract

Inhibit secretion of all endocrine cell types of the islet of Langerhans

50
Q

Pancreatic polypeptides are produced by

A

F or PP cells

51
Q

Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide is stimulated by

A

GI hormones, vagal stimulation and protein ingestion

52
Q

Effects directed to the GI tract from pancreatic polypeptides (2)

A

Increase gut motility and gastric emptying

Inhibit secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of gall bladder

Cellular Biology (13 decks)

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