Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
The exocrine pancreas is composed of
Acimals cells and duct cells
The exocrine pancreas is involved with
GI function
The exocrine pancreas secretes what
Enzymes into the lumen of the duodenum
Endocrine pancreas is
Organized islet
Islets of Langerhans
The endocrine pancreas composed how much of it
2-3% of pancreas
Type of cells in the endocrine pancreas
Alpha
Beta
Delta
F cells
The alpha cell produce
Glucagon
The beta cell produce
Insulin
The delta cell produce
Somatostatin
The F cell produce
Pancreatic polypeptide
T of F
All pancreatic cells are involved in glucose metabolism but only glucagon is the only one that can lower glucose levels in the body
False
Is insulin
What is insulin
Polypeptide hormone produced by the beta cells in response to hyperglycemia
How is insulin synthesized
As a larger molecule of the Golgi apparatus and packaged into secretory granules awaiting for secretion
Insulin consists of how many chains
2
Alpha and beta
How are the chains in insulin connected
By 2 disulfide bridges
T or F
The secretagogues depends on the natural diet and nutritional status of species
True
So if its an omnivore what would it use
Glucose
If it was a carnivore will use
A.a
How is insulin released form the beta cells
With the use of GLUT2 as a transporter
T or F
A decrease of blood glucose concentration leads to insulin secretion and synthesis
False
An increase
The secretion of insulin follows a biphasic kinetics whit what phases
Acute and chronic phases
Acute phase involves what
Release of performed insulin
Chronic phase involves
Synthesis of proteins
After insulin is released, what happens
It binds to a specific membrane receptor called tyrosine kinase receptor
What tissues have insulin receptors (3)
Liver
Muscle
Fat
What is the physiological action of insulin
Lower blood glucose concentration, and a.a.
How does insulin lowers concentration of glucose and a.a.
By promoting the conversion of them into their storage form
What are the storage forms (3) (talking about how insulin converts glucose and a.a.)
Glycogen
Triglycerides
Proteins
T or F
Insulin is an anabolic hormone
True
In the liver Carbohydrate metabolism (3)
Increase glycogen synthesis
Decrease glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
In the liver
Lipid metabolism
Decrease lipolysis
In the liver
Protein metabolism
Decrease gluconeogenesis
In the muscle Carbohydrate metabolism(3)
Increase glycogen synthesis and glucose transport
Decrease glycogenolysis
In the muscle Protein metabolism (3)
Increase a.a. uptake and protein synthesis
Decrease protein degradation
In fat Carbohydrate metabolism(3)
Increase glucose transport and glycogen synthesis
Decrease glycogenolysis
In fat
Lipid metabolism
Decrease lipolysis
Insulin in muscle and fat
Facilitates glucose entry into cells by increasing the number of specific glucose transporters (GLUT4)
GLUT 4 is (3)
Only insulin sensitive
Present in the muscle and adipose tissue
Most important GLUT in cell
What is the most important glucose transport in the cell
Glut 4
Insulin inactivation is metabolized by
The liver and kidney
Glucagon is
A polypeptide hormone produced by the alpha cells
Physiological actions of glucagon are in
Main effect are centered in the liver and greatly enhance the availability of glucose to other organs
What are the physiological actions of glucagon (3)
Decrease glycogen synthesis
Breakdown of liver glycogen- glycogenolisis
Increase liver gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of glucagon is stimulated by
Decrease concentration of glucose
Epinephrine is produced by
Adrenal medulla
Cortisol is produced by
Adrenal cortex
Growth hormone is produced by
Adenohypophysis
Or anterior pituitary gland
Pancreatic somatostatin is produced by
Delta cells
Inhibitory actions of pancreatic somatostatin (2)
Decrease motility and secretory activity of GI tract
Inhibit secretion of all endocrine cell types of the islet of Langerhans
Pancreatic polypeptides are produced by
F or PP cells
Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide is stimulated by
GI hormones, vagal stimulation and protein ingestion
Effects directed to the GI tract from pancreatic polypeptides (2)
Increase gut motility and gastric emptying
Inhibit secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of gall bladder
