Endocrine Pancreas

Question 1

The exocrine pancreas is composed of

Answer 1

Acimals cells and duct cells

Question 2

The exocrine pancreas is involved with

Answer 2

GI function

Question 3

The exocrine pancreas secretes what

Answer 3

Enzymes into the lumen of the duodenum

Question 4

Endocrine pancreas is

Answer 4

Organized islet

Islets of Langerhans

Question 5

The endocrine pancreas composed how much of it

Answer 5

2-3% of pancreas

Question 6

Type of cells in the endocrine pancreas

Answer 6

Alpha
Beta
Delta
F cells

Question 7

The alpha cell produce

Answer 7

Glucagon

Question 8

The beta cell produce

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

The delta cell produce

Answer 9

Somatostatin

Question 10

The F cell produce

Answer 10

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 11

T of F
All pancreatic cells are involved in glucose metabolism but only glucagon is the only one that can lower glucose levels in the body

Answer 11

False

Is insulin

Question 12

What is insulin

Answer 12

Polypeptide hormone produced by the beta cells in response to hyperglycemia

Question 13

How is insulin synthesized

Answer 13

As a larger molecule of the Golgi apparatus and packaged into secretory granules awaiting for secretion

Question 14

Insulin consists of how many chains

Answer 14

2

Alpha and beta

Question 15

How are the chains in insulin connected

Answer 15

By 2 disulfide bridges

Question 16

T or F

The secretagogues depends on the natural diet and nutritional status of species

Answer 16

True

Question 17

So if its an omnivore what would it use

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

If it was a carnivore will use

Answer 18

A.a

Question 19

How is insulin released form the beta cells

Answer 19

With the use of GLUT2 as a transporter

Question 20

T or F

A decrease of blood glucose concentration leads to insulin secretion and synthesis

Answer 20

False

An increase

Question 21

The secretion of insulin follows a biphasic kinetics whit what phases

Answer 21

Acute and chronic phases

Question 22

Acute phase involves what

Answer 22

Release of performed insulin

Question 23

Chronic phase involves

Answer 23

Synthesis of proteins

Question 24

After insulin is released, what happens

Answer 24

It binds to a specific membrane receptor called tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 25

What tissues have insulin receptors (3)

Answer 25

Liver Muscle Fat

Question 26

What is the physiological action of insulin

Answer 26

Lower blood glucose concentration, and a.a.

Question 27

How does insulin lowers concentration of glucose and a.a.

Answer 27

By promoting the conversion of them into their storage form

Question 28

What are the storage forms (3) (talking about how insulin converts glucose and a.a.)

Answer 28

Glycogen Triglycerides Proteins

Question 29

T or F | Insulin is an anabolic hormone

Answer 29

True

Question 30

``` In the liver Carbohydrate metabolism (3) ```

Answer 30

Increase glycogen synthesis | Decrease glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 31

In the liver | Lipid metabolism

Answer 31

Decrease lipolysis

Question 32

In the liver | Protein metabolism

Answer 32

Decrease gluconeogenesis

Question 33

``` In the muscle Carbohydrate metabolism(3) ```

Answer 33

Increase glycogen synthesis and glucose transport | Decrease glycogenolysis

Question 34

``` In the muscle Protein metabolism (3) ```

Answer 34

Increase a.a. uptake and protein synthesis | Decrease protein degradation

Question 35

``` In fat Carbohydrate metabolism(3) ```

Answer 35

Increase glucose transport and glycogen synthesis | Decrease glycogenolysis

Question 36

In fat | Lipid metabolism

Answer 36

Decrease lipolysis

Question 37

Insulin in muscle and fat

Answer 37

Facilitates glucose entry into cells by increasing the number of specific glucose transporters (GLUT4)

Question 38

GLUT 4 is (3)

Answer 38

Only insulin sensitive Present in the muscle and adipose tissue Most important GLUT in cell

Question 39

What is the most important glucose transport in the cell

Answer 39

Glut 4

Question 40

Insulin inactivation is metabolized by

Answer 40

The liver and kidney

Question 41

Glucagon is

Answer 41

A polypeptide hormone produced by the alpha cells

Question 42

Physiological actions of glucagon are in

Answer 42

Main effect are centered in the liver and greatly enhance the availability of glucose to other organs

Question 43

What are the physiological actions of glucagon (3)

Answer 43

Decrease glycogen synthesis Breakdown of liver glycogen- glycogenolisis Increase liver gluconeogenesis

Question 44

Synthesis of glucagon is stimulated by

Answer 44

Decrease concentration of glucose

Question 45

Epinephrine is produced by

Answer 45

Adrenal medulla

Question 46

Cortisol is produced by

Answer 46

Adrenal cortex

Question 47

Growth hormone is produced by

Answer 47

Adenohypophysis | Or anterior pituitary gland

Question 48

Pancreatic somatostatin is produced by

Answer 48

Delta cells

Question 49

Inhibitory actions of pancreatic somatostatin (2)

Answer 49

Decrease motility and secretory activity of GI tract | Inhibit secretion of all endocrine cell types of the islet of Langerhans

Question 50

Pancreatic polypeptides are produced by

Answer 50

F or PP cells

Question 51

Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide is stimulated by

Answer 51

GI hormones, vagal stimulation and protein ingestion

Question 52

Effects directed to the GI tract from pancreatic polypeptides (2)

Answer 52

Increase gut motility and gastric emptying | Inhibit secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of gall bladder