Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Acid
Proton donor
Base
Proton aceptor
Strong acid
Easily dissociate
Example of strong acid (3)
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
Strong base
Reacts quickly with H removing it from a solution
Example of strong base
OH
What is the normal body pH
7.4
What happens if theres an increase in pH with reference of H concentration
Lowers the H concentration
Alkalwmia
What happens if theres an decrease in pH with reference of H concentration
Increase in H concentration
Acidemia
What is acidemia
Decrease pH
What is alkalemia
Increase in pH
What is acidosis
Refers to the pathophysiologic processes that cause net accumulation of acid in body
What is alkalosis
Refers to the pathophysiologic processes that cause net accumulation of alkali in body
What is a buffer
Compound that can accept or donate Hs and minimize change of pH
Buffers consist of
Acid and conjugate base
What is the isohydric principle
Multiple buffers in the same solution are always in equilibrium
What are the systems that regulate H concentration and pH in body (3)
Chemical buffers
Lungs
Kidneys
Chemical buffers
Manage imbalance
Lungs and kidneys try to
Correct pH by adjusting the ventilation or changes in renal function
What is the 1st line of defense
Blood buffer systems
What is the most important blood buffer system
Hemoglobin
Bicarbonate buffer system
Types of buffers
Blood buffers
Proteins
Bicarbonate buffers
Phosphate buffers
T or F
Protein buffers are important for EC acid base balance
False
Intracellular
What buffer has the larger number of acidic and basic groups
Protein buffers
CO 2 is continuously formed by IC metabolism and transportes in the blood as (3)
Dissolved CO 2
Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate ions
The BBS consists of
Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate
Carbonic acid is formed how
From the rxn between co2 and water
Bicarbonate is formed how
Dissociation of carbonic acid into bicarbonate and H
What catalyzes the hydration rxn of carbonic acid and bicarbonate
Carbonic anydrase
Phosphate buffers are very important in
IC buffers and in tubular filtrate of kidneys
Phosphate buffers are represented by
Weak acid monosodium phosphate
Conjugate base disodium phosphate
With phosphate buffers reaction with a strong acid forms
Weak acid and salt
With phosphate buffers reacts with a strong base forms
Weak base and water
What is the 2nd line of defense
Respiratory system
If the pH is 7 what happens to alveolar ventilation
It increase 4-5 times
If the pH is over 7.4 what happens to alveolar ventilation
It decreases
If PCO2 increases
Alveolar ventilation increases
If PCO2 decreases
Alveolar ventilation decreases
If PO2 increases
Alveolar ventilation decreases
If PO2 decreases
Alveolar ventilation i creases
If H increase
Alveolar ventilation decreases
If CO2 increase
H increases and O2 decreases
What is the third line of defense
Kidneys
Who is the most powerful acid base regulator
Kidneys
How does the acid base regulation work through kidneys
Through excretion of basic or acide urine
How does the kidney regulate the concentration of H (3)
Secretion of H
Reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate
Production of new bicarbonate
Secretion of H occurs in the epithelial cells of (3)
Proximal tubules 85%
Distal tubules 10%
Collecting ducts 5%
4 posible primary disturbances
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic component
Bicarbonate which is a base
Respiratory component
PCO2 which is an acid
When you have acidosis what happens to the metabolic component
It decreases and PCO2 respectfully does too
When you have acidosis what happens to the respiratory component
PCO2 will increase and HCO3 will too
When you have alkalosis what happens to the metabolic component
Bicarbonate will increase
When you have alkalosis what happens to the respiratory component
PCO2 will decrease
