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Cellular Biology > Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid

A

Proton donor

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2
Q

Base

A

Proton aceptor

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3
Q

Strong acid

A

Easily dissociate

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4
Q

Example of strong acid (3)

A

HCl
HNO3
H2SO4

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5
Q

Strong base

A

Reacts quickly with H removing it from a solution

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6
Q

Example of strong base

A

OH

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7
Q

What is the normal body pH

A

7.4

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8
Q

What happens if theres an increase in pH with reference of H concentration

A

Lowers the H concentration

Alkalwmia

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9
Q

What happens if theres an decrease in pH with reference of H concentration

A

Increase in H concentration

Acidemia

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10
Q

What is acidemia

A

Decrease pH

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11
Q

What is alkalemia

A

Increase in pH

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12
Q

What is acidosis

A

Refers to the pathophysiologic processes that cause net accumulation of acid in body

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13
Q

What is alkalosis

A

Refers to the pathophysiologic processes that cause net accumulation of alkali in body

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14
Q

What is a buffer

A

Compound that can accept or donate Hs and minimize change of pH

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15
Q

Buffers consist of

A

Acid and conjugate base

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16
Q

What is the isohydric principle

A

Multiple buffers in the same solution are always in equilibrium

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17
Q

What are the systems that regulate H concentration and pH in body (3)

A

Chemical buffers
Lungs
Kidneys

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18
Q

Chemical buffers

A

Manage imbalance

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19
Q

Lungs and kidneys try to

A

Correct pH by adjusting the ventilation or changes in renal function

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20
Q

What is the 1st line of defense

A

Blood buffer systems

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21
Q

What is the most important blood buffer system

A

Hemoglobin

Bicarbonate buffer system

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22
Q

Types of buffers

A

Blood buffers
Proteins
Bicarbonate buffers
Phosphate buffers

23
Q

T or F

Protein buffers are important for EC acid base balance

A

False

Intracellular

24
Q

What buffer has the larger number of acidic and basic groups

A

Protein buffers

25
Q

CO 2 is continuously formed by IC metabolism and transportes in the blood as (3)

A

Dissolved CO 2
Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate ions

26
Q

The BBS consists of

A

Carbonic acid

Bicarbonate

27
Q

Carbonic acid is formed how

A

From the rxn between co2 and water

28
Q

Bicarbonate is formed how

A

Dissociation of carbonic acid into bicarbonate and H

29
Q

What catalyzes the hydration rxn of carbonic acid and bicarbonate

A

Carbonic anydrase

30
Q

Phosphate buffers are very important in

A

IC buffers and in tubular filtrate of kidneys

31
Q

Phosphate buffers are represented by

A

Weak acid monosodium phosphate

Conjugate base disodium phosphate

32
Q

With phosphate buffers reaction with a strong acid forms

A

Weak acid and salt

33
Q

With phosphate buffers reacts with a strong base forms

A

Weak base and water

34
Q

What is the 2nd line of defense

A

Respiratory system

35
Q

If the pH is 7 what happens to alveolar ventilation

A

It increase 4-5 times

36
Q

If the pH is over 7.4 what happens to alveolar ventilation

A

It decreases

37
Q

If PCO2 increases

A

Alveolar ventilation increases

38
Q

If PCO2 decreases

A

Alveolar ventilation decreases

39
Q

If PO2 increases

A

Alveolar ventilation decreases

40
Q

If PO2 decreases

A

Alveolar ventilation i creases

41
Q

If H increase

A

Alveolar ventilation decreases

42
Q

If CO2 increase

A

H increases and O2 decreases

43
Q

What is the third line of defense

A

Kidneys

44
Q

Who is the most powerful acid base regulator

A

Kidneys

45
Q

How does the acid base regulation work through kidneys

A

Through excretion of basic or acide urine

46
Q

How does the kidney regulate the concentration of H (3)

A

Secretion of H
Reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate
Production of new bicarbonate

47
Q

Secretion of H occurs in the epithelial cells of (3)

A

Proximal tubules 85%
Distal tubules 10%
Collecting ducts 5%

48
Q

4 posible primary disturbances

A

Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis

49
Q

Metabolic component

A

Bicarbonate which is a base

50
Q

Respiratory component

A

PCO2 which is an acid

51
Q

When you have acidosis what happens to the metabolic component

A

It decreases and PCO2 respectfully does too

52
Q

When you have acidosis what happens to the respiratory component

A

PCO2 will increase and HCO3 will too

53
Q

When you have alkalosis what happens to the metabolic component

A

Bicarbonate will increase

54
Q

When you have alkalosis what happens to the respiratory component

A

PCO2 will decrease

Cellular Biology (13 decks)

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