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Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

Proton donor

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2
Q

Base

A

Proton aceptor

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3
Q

Strong acid

A

Easily dissociate

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4
Q

Example of strong acid (3)

A

HCl
HNO3
H2SO4

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5
Q

Strong base

A

Reacts quickly with H removing it from a solution

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6
Q

Example of strong base

A

OH

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7
Q

What is the normal body pH

A

7.4

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8
Q

What happens if theres an increase in pH with reference of H concentration

A

Lowers the H concentration

Alkalwmia

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9
Q

What happens if theres an decrease in pH with reference of H concentration

A

Increase in H concentration

Acidemia

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10
Q

What is acidemia

A

Decrease pH

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11
Q

What is alkalemia

A

Increase in pH

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12
Q

What is acidosis

A

Refers to the pathophysiologic processes that cause net accumulation of acid in body

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13
Q

What is alkalosis

A

Refers to the pathophysiologic processes that cause net accumulation of alkali in body

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14
Q

What is a buffer

A

Compound that can accept or donate Hs and minimize change of pH

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15
Q

Buffers consist of

A

Acid and conjugate base

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16
Q

What is the isohydric principle

A

Multiple buffers in the same solution are always in equilibrium

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17
Q

What are the systems that regulate H concentration and pH in body (3)

A

Chemical buffers
Lungs
Kidneys

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18
Q

Chemical buffers

A

Manage imbalance

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19
Q

Lungs and kidneys try to

A

Correct pH by adjusting the ventilation or changes in renal function

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20
Q

What is the 1st line of defense

A

Blood buffer systems

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21
Q

What is the most important blood buffer system

A

Hemoglobin

Bicarbonate buffer system

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22
Q

Types of buffers

A

Blood buffers
Proteins
Bicarbonate buffers
Phosphate buffers

23
Q

T or F

Protein buffers are important for EC acid base balance

A

False

Intracellular

24
Q

What buffer has the larger number of acidic and basic groups

A

Protein buffers

25
CO 2 is continuously formed by IC metabolism and transportes in the blood as (3)
Dissolved CO 2 Carbonic acid Bicarbonate ions
26
The BBS consists of
Carbonic acid | Bicarbonate
27
Carbonic acid is formed how
From the rxn between co2 and water
28
Bicarbonate is formed how
Dissociation of carbonic acid into bicarbonate and H
29
What catalyzes the hydration rxn of carbonic acid and bicarbonate
Carbonic anydrase
30
Phosphate buffers are very important in
IC buffers and in tubular filtrate of kidneys
31
Phosphate buffers are represented by
Weak acid monosodium phosphate | Conjugate base disodium phosphate
32
With phosphate buffers reaction with a strong acid forms
Weak acid and salt
33
With phosphate buffers reacts with a strong base forms
Weak base and water
34
What is the 2nd line of defense
Respiratory system
35
If the pH is 7 what happens to alveolar ventilation
It increase 4-5 times
36
If the pH is over 7.4 what happens to alveolar ventilation
It decreases
37
If PCO2 increases
Alveolar ventilation increases
38
If PCO2 decreases
Alveolar ventilation decreases
39
If PO2 increases
Alveolar ventilation decreases
40
If PO2 decreases
Alveolar ventilation i creases
41
If H increase
Alveolar ventilation decreases
42
If CO2 increase
H increases and O2 decreases
43
What is the third line of defense
Kidneys
44
Who is the most powerful acid base regulator
Kidneys
45
How does the acid base regulation work through kidneys
Through excretion of basic or acide urine
46
How does the kidney regulate the concentration of H (3)
Secretion of H Reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate Production of new bicarbonate
47
Secretion of H occurs in the epithelial cells of (3)
Proximal tubules 85% Distal tubules 10% Collecting ducts 5%
48
4 posible primary disturbances
Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
49
Metabolic component
Bicarbonate which is a base
50
Respiratory component
PCO2 which is an acid
51
When you have acidosis what happens to the metabolic component
It decreases and PCO2 respectfully does too
52
When you have acidosis what happens to the respiratory component
PCO2 will increase and HCO3 will too
53
When you have alkalosis what happens to the metabolic component
Bicarbonate will increase
54
When you have alkalosis what happens to the respiratory component
PCO2 will decrease

Cellular Biology (13 decks)

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