Cell to cell communication Flashcards
Categories of chemical signaling (4)
Free diffusion: adjacent or distant
Cell signal to itself
Cell to cell contact
The adjacent cell communication is in
With the interstitial space
Extracellular signaling can (5)
- Coordinate the aggregation of movement of cells
- Initiate control under certain environmental conditions
- alter gene expression
- control metabolic processes between cells
- Contribute to nerve conduction
What metabolic processes can the extracellular signaling control (2)
Synthesis and secretion of proteins
Composition of intracellular and extracellular fluid
Types of signal molecules (4)
Small lipophilic molecules
Small hydrophobic molecules from a.a.
Gases
Physical stimuli (light)
What is a ligand
A signaling molecule
What does reception mean
Molecule to molecule contact
The target cell action depends on (4)
Signals that are present
Receptors that the target cell expresses on surface or IC
Signaling cascades
IC targets
What does ligand do
Bind together
What is a ligand
Molecule that binds to specific molecule called receptor
What is needed in order to detect a signal
The receiving cell must have the right receptor for that signal
What happens when a signaling molecule binds to a receptor
Alters the shape and activity of the receptor causing a change in the cell
T or F
A specific ligand with have a specific receptor that can bind to other ligands
False
Receptors are specific for one ligand
Types of ligands (2)
Those that enter the cell
Those that bind to receptors outside of cell
Properties of ligands(3)
Hydrophobic
Lipophilic
Can pass through membrane and bind to IC receptros in the nucleus or cytoplams
What type of ligand can directly travel across the membrane due to its small size
Nitric oxide (NO)
What is the key role of nitric acid as a ligand
Activate a signaling pathway in the smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels
Can make a muscle relax and blood vessels expand (dilate)
Properties of water soluble ligands (3)
Polar or charged
Cannot pass or cross the PM
Bind to extracellular domains of cell surface receptors staying on the outer surface
Example of water soluble ligand
Peptide protein ligands such as insulin and certain neurotransmitters
Different types of neurotransmitters (4)
Some are peptides
Other small hydrophilic organic molecules
Standard a.a.
Modified or non standard
What peptides are neurotransmitters(2)
Oxytocin
Endorphin
What types of hydrophilic molecules are neurotransmitters
Monoamines such as dopamine
What standard a.a. are neurotransmitters (2)
Glutamate and glycine
Examples of ligand (6)
Steroid hormones Growth factors and hormones Neurotransmitters Nitric oxide Light or photo transduction Pressure or mechanotransducyion