Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy yr 1 > THORAX IV > Flashcards

THORAX IV Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, superior and inferior borders of the posterior mediastinum?

A

Anterior- pericardial sac
Posterior- bodies of T5-T12 vertebrae
Superior- transverse thoracic plane
Inferior- thoracic surface of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the descending aorta begin and end?

A

T4-T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 7 groups of branches off the thoracic aorta?

A

The bronchial arteries, the mediastinal arteries, the oesophageal arteries, the pericardial arteries, the superior phrenic arteries and the intercostal and subcostal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do vessels in the azygous system run between?

A

The pleura and the the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the azygous system of veins drain?

A

The posterior thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the azygous system of veins provide collateral circulation to?

A

The venae cavae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many posterior intercostal veins are there?

A

11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the 1st posterior intercostal vein drain into?

A

Into the brachiocephalic vein or the vertebral vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do the 2nd and 3rd (and often 4th) posterior intercostal veins drain?

A

Into the superior intercostal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do posterior intercostal veins 5-11 drain?

A

Into the azygous vein on the right, or the hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins on the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the thoracic duct inferior to?

A

The coeliac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do the left and right vagus nerves run in relation to the oesophagus in the thorax?

A

The left vagus runs anterior and the right vagus runs posterior to the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do the thoracic splanchnic nerves arise?

A

The sympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the thoracic splanchnic nerves supply?

A

They run inferiorly to supply the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What spinal nerve roots does the greater splanchnic nerve originate from?

A

T5-T9 or T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What spinal nerve root(s) does the lesser splanchnic nerve originate from?

A

T10-T11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What spinal nerve root(s) does the least splanchnic nerve originate from?

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

The mediastinal parts of the lungs

19
Q

What is an annulus of the heart?

A

The base of a heart valve that supports the valve’s cusps

20
Q

What’s the moderator band in the right ventricle and what’s its purpose?

A

A muscular band of heart tissue which carries part of the bundle branch of the AV bundle of the conductive system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle, which facilitates conduction time

21
Q

What runs in the anterior atrioventricular groove of the heart?

A

The right coronary artery

22
Q

What runs in the interventricular groove of the heart?

A

The anterior inter ventricular artery

23
Q

What’s the function of the ductus arteriosus in a foetus?

A

The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch, allowing most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the foetal lungs

24
Q

Along what side of T5-T7 does the descending thoracic aorta pass?

A

Along the left side

25
Q

What nerve supplies the muscle of the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve

26
Q

What does the diaphragm initially develop as and at what vertebral level?

A

The diaphragm begins as a central tendon at C2

27
Q

What causes the diaphragm to descend?

A

Differential growth

28
Q

What is hemidiaphragm?

A

Paralysis of half of the diaphragm due to its motor supply from the phrenic nerve becoming injured

29
Q

What is the median arcuate ligament?

A

A ligament under the diaphragm that links the right and left crura of the diaphragm

30
Q

What is the medial arcuate ligament?

A

A tendinous fascia that arches over the psoas major muscle as it passes through the diaphragm

31
Q

What is the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

A ligament under the diaphragm that arches across the upper part of the quadratus lumborum muscle. It’s traversed by the subcostal nerve, artery and vein

32
Q

What do the ganglia associated with levels T1-T5 supply?

A

Cardiac branches to the heart

33
Q

What do rami communicates do?

A

Connect the trunks to the spinal nerves (intercostal nerves), providing sympathetic thoracic supply to parietal structures

34
Q

What bounds the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

The midline of the neck, the anterior border of the SCM and and the inferior border of the mandible

35
Q

What bounds the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

The middle 2/3 of the the clavicle, the anterior border of the trapezius muscle and the posterior border of the SCM

36
Q

Where does the SCM originate and insert?

A

Originates on the anterior surface of the manubrium and the superior border of the anterior surface of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle. It inserts on the lateral surface of the mastoid process and the nuchal line of the occipital bone

37
Q

What’s the nerve supply to the SCM?

A

The accessory nerve on the same side supplies motor innervation, while the cervical plexus supplies sensation from the ventral primary rami of C2 and C3

38
Q

What’s the action of the SCM?

A

Contralateral cervical rotation, ipsilateral cervical flexion

39
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Also known as wry-neck, this is a dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position

40
Q

Where does trapezius originate and insert?

A

It originates on the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of T1-T12. It inserts on the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, the acromion and the scapular spine

41
Q

What is the nerve supply to the trapezius muscle?

A

The accessory nerve provides motor innervation, while the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C3 and C4 provide sensory innervation (cervical plexus)

42
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

The upper descending fibres are responsible for elevation of the scapulae. The lower, ascending fibres are responsible for depression of the scapulae. The middle fibres retract the scapulae.

43
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

The accessory nerve, branches of the cervical plexus, roots and trunks of the brachial plexus, the phrenic nerve, the subclavian artery, the transverse cervical artery, the supra scapular artery, the external jugular vein, occipital and supraclavicular lymph nodes, the inferior belly of the omohyoid, the anterior, middle and posterior scalene, levator scapulae and splenius

Anatomy yr 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions