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Anatomy yr 1 > THORAX I > Flashcards

THORAX I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterior, posterior and lateral borders of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Anterior- The manubrium
Posterior- T1 vertebra
Lateral- The first ribs

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2
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, anterolateral and posterolateral borders of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Anterior- xiphisternum
Posterior- T12 vertebra
Anterolateral- Costal cartilage
Posterolateral- 11th and 12th ribs

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3
Q

What do the pedicles of a thoracic vertebra connect?

A

Pedicles connect the body to the transverse processes

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4
Q

What do the lamina of a thoracic vertebra connect?

A

The lamina connect the transverse processes to the spinous process

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5
Q

Where are the superior articular processes and what do they join to?

A

The superior articular processes are at the top of the vertebra and join to the inferior articular processes of the vertebra above, connecting the adjacent vertebrae

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6
Q

Where do the ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

The costovertebral joints and the costotransverse joints

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7
Q

What forms the costovertebral joints?

A

The head of the rib attaches to the superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra and the inferior costal facet of the vertebra above

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8
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the transverse facet to form the costotransverse joint?

A

The tubercle of the rib

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9
Q

What passes through the vertebral canal?

A

The spinal cord

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10
Q

In what order are the vessels that run in the costal groove found?

A

From superior to inferior: intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve

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11
Q

Why does the second rib have a roughened area on its superior surface?

A

Serratus anterior originates from this rough patch

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12
Q

Name the 4 ribs with only 1 facet

A

1, 10, 11 and 12

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13
Q

Where do ribs 1-7 articulate anteriorly?

A

The sternum

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14
Q

Where do ribs 8-10 articulate anteriorly?

A

Costal cartilage

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15
Q

Where do ribs 11 and 12 articulate anteriorly?

A

They don’t; they’re floating ribs. They end in abdominal musculature

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16
Q

Where do rib fractures most commonly occur?

A

The middle of the rib, just anterior to the angle

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17
Q

What is flail chest?

A

Where 2 or more fractures occur in 2 or more adjacent ribs, which renders the affected area out of control of the thoracic muscles. This impairs full expansion of the ribcage

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18
Q

What is platysma?

A

A superficial muscle that overlaps the SCM. A broad sheet that arises from the fascia covering the upper parts of pectoralis major and the deltoids. Its actions are facial expression

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19
Q

Name the 2 heads of pectoralis major

A

The sternocostal head and the clavicular head

20
Q

Where does the clavicular head of pectoralis major originate?

A

The anterior surface of the medial clavicle

21
Q

Where does the sternocostal head of pectoralis major originate?

A

The anterior surface of the sternum, the superior 6 costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

22
Q

Where does pectoralis major insert?

A

The inter-tubercular sulcus of the humerus

23
Q

Where does pectoralis major originate?

A

Ribs 3, 4 and 5

24
Q

Where does pectoralis minor insert?

A

The coracoid process on the scapula

25
Q

Where does serratus anterior originate?

A

Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

26
Q

Where does serratus anterior insert?

A

The costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

27
Q

Where does subclavius originate?

A

The junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage

28
Q

Where does subclavius insert?

A

Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle

29
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply?

A

The anterior chest wall and the breasts

30
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery run?

A

Along either anterolateral aspect of the sternum

31
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery bifurcate into?

A

The superior epigastric artery and the Musculophrenic artery

32
Q

What artery does the internal thoracic artery arise from?

A

The subclavian artery

33
Q

The internal thoracic veins are venae comitantes. What does this mean?

A

These veins run alongside the internal thoracic arteries

34
Q

Where does the thoraco-acromial artery arise?

A

The second part of the axillary artery

35
Q

What muscles does the thoracic-acromial artery supply?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and the anterior deltoid

36
Q

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

The lateral thorax and lateral breast

37
Q

Where does the lateral thoracic artery originate?

A

The axillary artery

38
Q

What muscles does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

Serratus anterior, pectoralis major and subscapularis

39
Q

What do breast lobules produce?

A

Milk

40
Q

What do lactiferous ducts connect?

A

The nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland

41
Q

What’s the name of the ligaments that maintain structural integrity in the breasts?

A

Cooper’s ligaments

42
Q

What’s the function of the innermost intercostal muscle in respiration?

A

The innermost intercostals depress the ribcage for expiration

43
Q

Where do the upper 2 posterior intercostal arteries arise?

A

The subclavian artery

44
Q

Where do the lower 9 posterior intercostal arteries arise?

A

The aorta

45
Q

In what conditions would a chest drain be needed?

A

Pleural effusion or haemothorax

46
Q

What muscle does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus anterior

47
Q

What do the medial and lateral pectoral nerves innervate?

A

The medial pectoral nerve innervates both pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, while the lateral pectoral nerve only innervates pectoralis major

Anatomy yr 1 (20 decks)

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