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Anatomy yr 1 > APE 5: Blood vessels > Flashcards

APE 5: Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

From what chamber of the heart does the aorta emerge?

A

The left ventricle

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2
Q

What three arteries. branch off the aortic arch?

A

First branch- brachiocephalic artery.
Second branch- Left common carotid artery
Third branch- Left subclavian artery

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3
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery bifurcate into?

A

The right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

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4
Q

Where does the right subclavian artery come to an ‘end’?

A

The right subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the border of the 1st rib.

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5
Q

What does the axillary artery become once it leaves the axilla?

A

The brachial artery in the anterior compartment of the upper arm. Begins at the inferior border of the teres major tendon.

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6
Q

What does the brachial artery become once it reaches the cubital fossa?

A

The brachial artery bifurcates into the radial artery (lateral) and the ulnar artery (medial)

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7
Q

What palmar arch does the radial artery mainly form?

A

The deep palmar arch

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8
Q

What palmar arch does the ulnar artery mainly form?

A

The superficial palmar arch

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9
Q

What is the largest blood vessel in the abdomen?

A

The abdominal aorta

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10
Q

What does the abdominal aorta supply?

A

The abdominal organs, the pelvis and the lower limbs, the undersurface of the diaphragm and parts of the abdominal wall

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11
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta begin and end and what does it continue from?

A

The abdominal aorta begins at the vertebral level T12, continuing from the thoracic aorta. The abdominal aorta ends at L4

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12
Q

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?

A

At L4, the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries

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13
Q

What do the common iliac arteries soon divide into and what do they supply?

A

The internal iliac artery (which supplies the pelvis) and the external iliac artery (which supplies the lower extremities

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14
Q

What do the external iliac arteries become once they leave the pelvic girdle?

A

The femoral arteries

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15
Q

What is the mid-inguinal point and what is its significance?

A

The mid-point between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis. The femoral pulse can be felt here

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16
Q

When the femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa, what does it become?

A

The popliteal artery, which continues to the distal border of the Popliteus

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17
Q

The popliteal artery bifurcates at the distal border of the Popliteus. What does it become?

A

The popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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18
Q

What does the popliteal artery bifurcate into after the branching off of the anterior tibial artery?

A

The fibular artery (lateral) and the posterior tibial artery (medial)

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19
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery give off? Where can the pulse of this be felt?

A

The dorsalis pedis (medial to the tendon of the hallux)

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20
Q

Which half of the body does the superior vena cava drain blood from?

A

The cranial half of the body

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21
Q

What 2 veins form the superior vena cava?

A

The left and right brachiocephalic (or innominate) veins

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22
Q

What do the 2 brachiocephalic veins receive blood from?

A

The upper limbs, the eyes and the neck

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23
Q

What are the brachiocephalic veins formed from?

A

The union of the corresponding internal jugular and subclavian veins, at the level of the sternoclavicular joint

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24
Q

What forms the subclavian vein?

A

The axillary vein

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25
Q

What forms the axillary vein?

A

The basilic (medial) and brachial (intermediate) veins, which run though the upper arm

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26
Q

What is the name of the vein that cross from the cephalic to the basilica vein and where does it cross?

A

The antecubital vein branches from the cephalic vein, runs across the cubital fossa and joins the basilic vein

27
Q

Further proximally up the arm from the cubital fossa, what vein joins the basilic vein?

A

The brachial vein

28
Q

To what aspect of the hand do the veins of the thumb and fingers pass?

A

The dorsal aspect of the hand

29
Q

What do the superficial veins draining the dorsal aspect of the forearm unite to form?

A

The cephalic vein

30
Q

What do the veins draining the flexor aspect of the forearm unite to form?

A

The basilic vein

31
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run?

A

The great saphenous vein runs from the anterior aspect of the medial malleolus, passes up the medial side of the knee and to the top of the thigh

32
Q

What’s the name of the opening in the fascia lata, through which the great saphenous vein passes?

A

The saphenous hiatus

33
Q

What does the great saphenous vein join/become just prior to passing deep to the inguinal ligament?

A

The femoral vein

34
Q

What does the femoral vein become once it passes under the inguinal ligament (heading towards the heart)?

A

The external iliac vein

35
Q

The external vein joins the internal iliac vein to form what?

A

The common iliac vein

36
Q

The right and left common iliac veins join in the midline to form what?

A

The inferior vena cava

37
Q

What’s the name of the vein which runs through the back of the knee?

A

The popliteal vein

38
Q

What is the source of the small saphenous vein and what does it drain into?

A

The source of the small saphenous vein is the dorsal venous arch of the foot. It runs up the posterior aspect of the leg and passes between the heads of the gastrocnemius, then drains into the popliteal vein

39
Q

What 3 things run together, encased in fascia, which make up the neurovascular bundle in the neck?

A

The common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve make up the carotid sheath.

40
Q

What does the common carotid artery run lateral to as it ascends through the neck?

A

The common carotid artery runs lateral to the thyroid glands, the trachea and the larynx

41
Q

What does the common carotid artery bifurcate into?

A

The external carotid artery and the internal carotid artery

42
Q

What do the branches of the external carotid artery supply?

A

The head and neck outside the cranium

43
Q

What arteries supply the brain?

A

The internal carotid artery and the vertebral arteries

44
Q

What does the internal jugular vein receive as it comes past the angle of the mandible?

A

The common facial vein

45
Q

By what muscle is the internal jugular vein covered?

A

The sternocleidomastoid

46
Q

What does the superior vena cava bifurcate into?

A

2 brachiocephalic veins

47
Q

Where is the exterior jugular vein found?

A

The external jugular vein is formed below the ear and is superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, crossing its lateral border and passing behind the clavicle to join the subclavian vein

48
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein empty into?

A

The subclavian vein

49
Q

What is the name of the right atrioventricular valve?

A

The tricuspid valve

50
Q

What is the name of the left atrioventricular valve?

A

The mitral (bicuspid) valve

51
Q

What is the name of the valve leaving the right ventricle?

A

The pulmonary valve

52
Q

What is the name of the valve leaving the left ventricle?

A

The aortic valve

53
Q

What is the difference between the atrioventricular valves and the pulmonary and aortic valves?

A

The tricuspid and mitral valves had cordae tendinae to prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria when blood is forced through the pulmonary and aortic valves

54
Q

What is S1?

A

The start of systole, where a ‘Lub’ sound can be heard, which is the sound of the atrioventricular valves closing

55
Q

Where do you place your stethoscope to hear the closing of the aortic valve?

A

The second intercostal space, to the right of the sternal body

56
Q

Where do you place your stethoscope to hear the closing of the pulmonary valve?

A

The second intercostal space, to the left of the sternal body

57
Q

Where do you place your stethoscope to hear the closing of the tricuspid valve?

A

The fourth intercostal space, to the left of the sternal body

58
Q

Where do you place your stethoscope to hear the closing of the mitral valve?

A

The fifth intercostal space, in the left midclavicular line

59
Q

What do the cordae tendinae anchor to?

A

The papillary muscles

60
Q

What is the name of the sac in which the heart is found?

A

The pericardium

61
Q

What is the name of the condition where there’s bleeding into the pericardium?

A

Cardiac tamponade

62
Q

What are the names of the 2 layers of the pericardium and which is which?

A

The fibrous pericardium is the outer layer, and the parietal serous pericardium is the inner lining

63
Q

What is the meaning of the term serous?

A

Serous means that it produces fluid that allows for friction-free movement (of the heart inside the sac)

Anatomy yr 1 (20 decks)

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