APE 11: The GI system and the abdomen Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the oral cavity?
The oral vestibule- the space between the lips and the teeth
The oral cavity proper
The oropharynx
What are the 3 salivary glands?
The parotid gland
The submandibular gland
The sublingual gland
Where do all 3 salivary glands empty into?
The oral cavity
What’s the name of the papillae towards the front of the tongue?
Fungiform papillae
What’s the name of the papillae on the middle of the tongue?
Filiform papillae
What’s the name of the papillae at the back of the tongue?
Vallate papillae
What’s the name of the papillae on the lateral faces of the tongue?
Foliate papillae
Which papillae aren’t associated with taste?
The filiform papillae aren’t associated with taste
From what structural markings and vertebral levels does the oesophagus extend?
The oesophagus starts at C6, the pharynx-oesophagal junction, and ends at the cardiac orifice of the stomach (T11)
What’s the function of the oesophagus?
To transport food from the pharynx to the stomach, using peristalsis.
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
T10
What’s the ABCD pattern of oesophageal constriction?
A-arch of the aorta
B- bronchus
C- cricoid cartilage
D- diaphragmatic hiatus
What are gastric rugae?
Folds in the gastric mucosa that allow the stomach to expand
In what quadrant and region of the abdomen is the liver found?
The upper right quadrant; the right hypochondriac region
Where’s the gall bladder found in relation to the liver?
The gall bladder is attached to the inferior surface of the liver.
What’s the function of the gall bladder?
To store and concentrate bile, a yellow-brown digestive enzyme produced by the liver, and to release it into the small intestine during digestion.
What hormone signals for the gallbladder to contract and secrete bile into the small intestine through the common bile duct?
Cholecystokinin
An excess of either of what 3 things can cause gallstones?
Bilirubin, bile salts of cholesterol
What are gallstones?
Gallstones are small, hard deposits inside the gallbladder that are formed when stored bile crystallises
In what quadrant and region of the abdomen is the spleen found?
The upper left quadrant; the left hypochondriac region
What’s the importance (function) of the spleen?
The spleen is important for keeping body fluids balanced.
What 2 different types of tissue does the spleen consist of and what are they made of?
The red pulp tissue filters the blood and gets rid of old or damaged red blood cells. The white pulp tissue consists of immune cells (T and B cells) and helps the immune system fight infection
What organ is the duodenum part of?
The small intestine
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
The superior duodenum, the descending duodenum, the horizontal duodenum and the ascending duodenum
Where does the duodenum terminate?
The duodenojejunal flexure
What 3 things does the duodenum receive?
Chyme, bile and enzymes
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
The duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum
Where does the small intestine become the large intestine?
The ileocecal junction
What’s the ratio of jejunum: ileum in terms of length?
2:3
Name 2 structural differences between the jejunum and ileum
The jejunum has a wider lumen and thicker walls than the ileum
What’s the first part of the large intestine?
The caecum
What are the 7 following parts of the colon?
The ascending colon, the hepatic flexure, the transverse colon, the splenic flexure, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum
From what 4 places does the portal vein take blood to the liver?
The alimentary canal, the pancreas, the spleen and the gallbladder
