Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy yr 1 > HEAD AND NECK I > Flashcards

HEAD AND NECK I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A

The cheekbone, formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the rami of the mandible?

A

The vertical parts on either side of the jawbone. Flat quadrilateral bones marked by oblique ridges. Their outer surface is an attachment for the masseter muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A

A thin, triangular eminence of the mandible which is flattened from side-to-side and varies in shape and size. Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the condyle of the mandible?

A

The head of the mandible, which presents an articular surface for articulation with the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint. It is convex in the AP aspect, and from side to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the external auditory meatus

A

The passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear. It conducts soundwaves to the tympanic membrane. It is a partly cartilaginous and partly bony canal of diameter 6mm and length 25mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the tympanic membrane separate?

A

The external ear from the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the infratemporal fossa?

A

A complex area located at the base of the skull, deep to the masseter. It is closely associated with both the temporal and pterygopalatine fossae and acts as a conduit for neurovascular structures entering and leaving the cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate is a broad, thin and everted and forms the lateral part of a process from the inferior part of the sphenoid bone. It’s an origin for the lateral pterygoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone?

A

A horse-shoe shaped process that arises from the underside of the sphenoid bone. It’s narrower and longer than the lateral pterygoid plate and has a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tensor veli palatini glides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the carotid canal?

A

A passage within the petrous temporal bone that transmits the internal carotid artery and sympathetic plexus. Its inferior opening is called the carotid foramen and is situated anteriorly to the jugular foramen and medially to the carotid plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the carotid canal open into?

A

The middle cranial fossa, superior to the foramen lacerum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the styloid process of the temporal bone?

A

A slender, pointed part that projects anteroinferiorly from the inferior surface of the petrous temporal bone. It serves as an anchor for several muscles of the tongue and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the stylomastoid foramen?

A

A rounded opening on the inferior surface of the petrous temporal bone, between the base of the styloid and mastoid processes. It transmits the facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What divides the jugular foramen into 2 parts and what are these parts?

A

A fibrous or bony septum called the jugular spine separates the jugular foramen into the smaller pars nervosa and the larger pars vascularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the pars nervosa of the jugular foramen contain?

A

The inferior petrosal sinus and the glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the pars vascularis of the jugular foramen contain?

A

The jugular bulb (a venous expansion), the vagus nerve and the accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the occipital condyle?

A

A round protuberance of the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

A bilateral, conical depression extending deep from the infratemporal fossa to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the calvaria?

A

The top part of the skull, which includes the superior portions of the frontal, occipital and parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a fontanelle?

A

An anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous sutures between cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a foetus or infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

A birth defect where 1 or more sutures of the skull close too early, which can limit or slow the growth of the baby’s brain. The baby’s head will stop growing in the affected area(s), leading to abnormal shaping of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is sagittal synostosis?

A

The baby’s head grows long and narrow (scaphocephaly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is coronal synostosis?

A

The baby may have a flattened forehead on the side of the skull that closed early (anterior plagiocephaly)

24
Q

What is bicoronal synostosis?

A

The baby’s head will grow broad and short (brachycephaly)

25
Q

What happens in lambdoid synostosis?

A

The baby’s head may be flattened on the back side (posterior plagiocephaly)

26
Q

What is the mental foramen?

A

One of the 2 foramina on the anterior surface of the mandible. It transmits the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels (the mental artery)

27
Q

What is the auriculotemporal nerve?

A

A sensory branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3) that runs with the superficial temporal artery an vein, and provides sensory innervation to various regions on the side of the head

28
Q

What is the maxillary artery?

A

The largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery that arises at the back of the neck of the mandible. It supplies deep structures of the face, such as the mandible, maxilla, teeth, muscles of mastication, palate, nose and part of the cranial dura mater

29
Q

What is the mandibular nerve?

A

The third branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has a sensory role in the head, and also has motor function. V3 exits the cranium through foramen ovale. It courses through the infratemporal fossa

30
Q

Describe the masseter and its points of origin and insertion

A

A strong, thick rectangular muscle that originates from the zygomatic arch and extends down to the mandibular angle. It has a superficial part and a deep part

31
Q

What’s the function of the masseter?

A

Elevation and protrusion of the mandible, as well as supporting the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint

32
Q

What innervates the masseter?

A

The masseteric nerve of the mandibule nerve

33
Q

What’s the blood supply to the masseter?

A

The masseteric artery

34
Q

What are the 4 muscle of mastication?

A

Masseter, temporalis muscle, the lateral pterygoid muscle and the medial pterygoid muscle

35
Q

Describe temporalis

A

Temporalis is a flat, broad, fan-shaped muscle that lays within the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch, so it covers much of the temporal bone

36
Q

Origin and insertion of temporalis

A

Origin- the temporal fossa

Insertion- the apex and medial surface of the coronoid process of the mandible

37
Q

Innervation of temporalis

A

Deep temporal branches of the mandibular nerve

38
Q

Actions of temporalis

A

Elevates the mandible and retracts the mandible

39
Q

What covers temporalis?

A

A dense layer of deep temporal fascia

40
Q

Describe the lateral pterygoid muscle and its origin and insertion

A

Origin- the underside of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion- the anterior condylar process, the capsule of the temporomandibular joint and the front edge of the articular disc.

Its fibres run posterolaterally

41
Q

Innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Lateral pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve

42
Q

Describe the actions of the lateral pterygoid on bilateral and unilateral contraction

A

Bilateral contraction causes protrusion and depression of the mandible and stabilisation of the condylar head during closure.
Unilateral contraction allows medial movement of the mandible

43
Q

Describe the medial pterygoid muscle and its origin and insertion

A

Origin- deep head from the lateral pterygoid plate; superficial head from the tuberosity of the maxilla
Insertion- the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

Fibres run posteroinferolaterally

44
Q

Innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle

A

Innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve

45
Q

Describe actions of the medial pterygoid muscle on bilateral and unilateral contraction

A

Bilateral contraction causes elevation and protrusion of the mandible
Unilateral contraction causes medial rotation of the mandible

46
Q

What does orbicularis oculi surrouns?

A

The palpebral aperture

47
Q

What are the parts of orbicularis oculi?

A

A thin palpebral part and a more substantial orbital part

48
Q

Origin and insertion of orbicularis oculi

A

Origin- medially from the medial palpebral ligament and the bone above and below it
Insertion- lateral to the palpebral aperture

49
Q

Action of orbicularis oculi

A

Contraction of the palpebral part closes the eye gently, while contraction of the whole muscle screws up the eyes by closing the eyelids tightly

50
Q

What do the superficial fibres of orbicularis oris encircle?

A

The oral commissure

51
Q

Origin and insertion of orbicularis oris

A

Origin- the medial aspects of the maxilla and mandible

No insertion

52
Q

Action of orbicularis oris

A

Close the oral commissure and press the lips together

53
Q

What fills the deep hollow between the buccinator and masseter?

A

The buccal fat pad

54
Q

What 2 muscles are used t smile?

A 
Zygomaticus major (pulls on orbicularis oris superoposteriorly)
Risorius (pulls on orbicularis oris posteriorly
55
Q

Describe platysma

A

It lies partly in the face, but mainly in the neck. It lies within the subcutaneous fascia of the neck. Most of its fibres insert along the border of the mandible, but its more posterior fibres insert into orbicularis oris

56
Q

What is the action of platysma?

A

Pulls the corners of the mouth inferoposteriorly

Anatomy yr 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions