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Anatomy > Thorax: Breast, Lungs, Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thorax: Breast, Lungs, Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

breast (8 structures)

A

Level: ribs 2-6

Features:

  1. lactiferous ducs & sinuses
  2. nipple-areolar complex
  3. lobes
  4. lobules
  5. alveolar glands
  6. suspensory ligaments
  7. retromammary space
  8. axillary tail

Relations:
2/3 bound to fascia of pectoralis major
1/3 pound to fascia of serratus anterior muscle

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2
Q

lactiferous ducs & sinuses

A

openings of milk glands

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3
Q

nipple-areolar complex

A

the opening of the milk duct and surrounding area of pigmented skin

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4
Q

lobes

A

secretory units

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5
Q

lobules

A

smaller secretory units

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6
Q

alveolar glands

A

milk producing glands. Production occurs through an apocrine mechanism

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7
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

“Cooper’s” Ligaments- fibrous septa that attach the underlying gland to overlying skin

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8
Q

retromammary space

A

a layer of superifical fascia

deep to the breast but superficial to the deep fascia of the muscle

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9
Q

axillary tail

A

the superiolateral region of the breast

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10
Q

sternum (parts)

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process
  4. sternal angle
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11
Q

visceral pleura

A

interior aspect of pleura in contact with organs

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12
Q

parietal pleura

A

superficial aspect of pleura

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13
Q

pleura cavity

A

the area between the pleura. Important for maintaining pleural pressure

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14
Q

true ribs

A

def. attach to sternum directly through costal cartilage

location: ribs 1-7, sometimes also 8

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15
Q

false ribs

A

def. cartilages are joined to rib just superior

location: ribs 8-10

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16
Q

floating ribs

A

def. cartilages ends in posterior abdomen

ribs 11 & 12

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17
Q

costal margin

A

defined by cartilage of ribs 7-10

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18
Q

typical ribs

  1. features
  2. location
A
  1. a. head- posterior aspect, wedge shaped structure, articulates with vertebral body
    b. neck: posterior aspect, separates head and tubercle
    c. tubercle: posterior aspect, articulates with a corresponding transverse process
  2. ribs 3-9
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19
Q

Rib 1

A
  1. articulates with T1
  2. broad and short, the brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass superior. Presence of a “cervical” rib may compress the structures (thoracic outlet syndrome)
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20
Q

Rib 2

A
  1. thinner than Rib 1

2. articulates with T1 & T2

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21
Q

Rib 10

A

only on “facet” only articulates with T10

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22
Q

Ribs 11&12

A

short
have a large facet
lack necks and tubercles

23
Q

manubrium

  1. level
  2. surface features
  3. key relations
A
  1. level- T3/T4
  2. features
    a. clavicular notch
    b. jugular (suprasternal) notch
    * c. sternal angle: at the level of T4/T5 interverebral disc
  3. articulates with clavicle
24
Q

body (sternum)

  1. level
  2. surface features
A
  1. level: T4-T9

2. not many

25
Q

xiphoid process

A

cartilagenous, inferior aspect of sternum

26
Q

comminuted sternal fracture

A

def. the sternal body is usually fractured into several pieces
common causes: steering wheel crash

27
Q

superior thoracic apeture (thoracic outlet)

  1. borders
  2. structures
A

1 . first thoracic vertebrae, first pair of ribs and cartilages, superior border of manubrium
2. lungs, subclavian artery, brachial plexus

28
Q

inferior thoracic aperture

  1. borders
  2. structures
A
  1. 12 thoracic vertebrae and ribs, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, xiphisternal joint
  2. diaphragm closes, aorta, vena cava, other structures pass through
29
Q

rib dislocation v. separation

A

dislocation: detachment from sternum
separation: detachment from costal cartilage
common causes: contact sports

30
Q

explain thoracocentesis

A

Goldie Locks: insert a needle just above the inferior part of an intercostal space

in the superior part there are intercostal vessles
in the inferior part, there tend to be collaterals

31
Q

cervical pleura

A

parietal pleura that extends above the thoracic outlet

32
Q

costal pleura

A

parietal pleura in contact with ribs

33
Q

diphragmatic pleura

A

borders the inferior thoracic oulet

34
Q

costodiaphragmatic reces

A

?

35
Q

right lung has __ lobes

A

3, faces away from heart

36
Q

left lung has ___ lobes

A

2, due to heart

37
Q

carina

A

site at which trachea divides into two bronchi

38
Q

transverse throacic plane

A

level: T4-T5
significance:

39
Q

costal surface of lung

A

adjacent to ribs

40
Q

mediastinal surface of lung

A

related to mediastinum and posterior aspect of ribs

41
Q

diaphragmatic surface

A

convex dome of diaphragm

42
Q

base of lung

A

anatomically: the diaphragm
clincally: the inferior part of the posterior costal surface

43
Q

horizontal fissure

A

only in the right lung, divides superior and middle lobes

44
Q

Thoracic Wall: VAN is a pneumonic for:

A

Intercostal neurovasculature, from superior to inf
Vein
Artery
Nerve

45
Q

anterior vessels of thoracic wall

A

arise from: internal thoracic artery

drain into: internal thoracic vein

46
Q

posterior vessels of thoracic wall

A

arise from: thoracic aorta

drain into: the azygous system

47
Q

endothoracic fascia

A

thin fibroareolar layer between internal aspect of the thoracic cage and the lining of the pulmonary cavities

48
Q

lymph drainage of breast (2)

A
  1. inferior jugular lymph nodes- above clavicle

2. axillary lymph nodes- below clavicle (75%)

49
Q

medial mammary branch (artery)

A

arises from: subclavian artery
supplies: breast
drains into:

50
Q

internal thoracic branch (artery)

A

arise from: branch of the axillary artery
supply: breast
drain into:

51
Q

posterior intercostal arteries

A

arise from: thoracic aorta
supply: breast
drain into:

52
Q

subareolar lymphatic plexus

A

collects: lymph from nipple, areola, and lobules
drains into:
1. lateral quadrants: axillary lymph nodes (75%)
2. medial quadrants: parasternal lymph nodes or opposite breast
3. inferior quadrants: inferior phrenic lymph nodes

53
Q

hierarchy: lymphatic drainage, breast
axillary nodes> right lymphatic duct or tho. duct
parasternal nodes. . . .

A

axillary nodes< subclavian lymphatic drunks< jugular lymphatic trunk< right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct (left side)

Anatomy (39 decks)

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