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Anatomy > Embryology: The Digestive System > Flashcards

Embryology: The Digestive System Flashcards

1. Describe the formation of the gut tube through longitudinal and lateral folding 2. describe the effect of rotations on the placement and peritoneal relationship of the abodominal organs, and spaces within the abodminal cavity in the adult 3. describe the vascular and nerve supply of adult derivatives of each region of the gut tube

1
Q

Fate Map: visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm

A

visc layer mesoderm>

serous membranes+ dorsal mesentery + spleen

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2
Q

spleen arises from

A

mesogastrium (dorsal mesentry of stomach)

lateral plate mesoderm, visceral layer

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3
Q

dorsal mesentry arises from

A

visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm

originally a suspensory ligament between the gut tube and dorsal body wall

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4
Q

descending colon arises from

A

hindgut

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5
Q

sigmoid colon arises from

A

hindgut

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6
Q

rectum arises from

A

proximal portion: hindgut

distal portion: ectoderm

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7
Q

fate map: midgut

A 
midgut>
midgut loop>
herination into umbilical cord>
270 counterclockwise rotation>
small intestines + ascending colon + transverse colon
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8
Q

small intestines arises from

A

*mostly midgut

proximal 1/3 of duodenum- foregut

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9
Q

ascending colon arises from

A

midgut

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10
Q

gall bladder arises from

A

foregut-
bile duct>
cystic diverticulum>
gall bladder

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11
Q

cystic diverticulum is

A

def: a foregut intermediary between the bile duct and gall bladder

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12
Q

liver arises from

A

foregut, hepatic diverticulum which grows in the dorsal mesentry

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13
Q

bile duct arises from

A

foregut, hepatic diverticulum

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14
Q

greater omentum arises from

A

growth of dorsal mesentery of stomach

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15
Q

proximal duodenum arises from

A

foregut

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16
Q

esophagus arises from

A

foregut

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17
Q

stomach arises arises from

A

foregut

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18
Q

pancreas arises from

A

foregut

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19
Q

fate map: stomach

A
  1. expansion of caudal foregut (greater sac)
  2. longitudinal rotation:
    a. greater and lesser curvature
    b. spleen swings left
    c. liver swings right
  3. ant/ post. rotation:
    a. fundus moves left and inferiorly
    b. pyloris moves right and superiorly
20
Q

spleen divides the dorsal mesentry of the stomach into ___ and ___ ligaments

A

splenorenal ligament

gastroplenic ligament

21
Q

lesser sac (omental bursa)

A

arises from: peritoneal space

def: the space posterior to the stomach after it completes its rotation

22
Q

greater sac

A

arises from: peritoneal space

def: space anterior to the stomach, grows into the greater omentum

23
Q

epiploic foramen

A

def: a communication between the greater and lesser sacs located near the hilum of the liver

24
Q

uncinate process of the pancreas arises from

A

ventral pancreatic bud

25
Q

tail of pancreas

A

dorsal pancreatic bud

26
Q

fate map: duodenum
1
2.
3.

A
  1. foregut forms
  2. long & coronal rotation of stomach: pull duodenum into a C-shape around the head of the pancreas
  3. the duodenum is pressed against the dorsal body wall: it becomes secondarily retroperitoneal
27
Q

fate map: pancreas
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. two buds form
    a. ventral pancreatic bud forms from bile duct
    b. dorsal pancreatic bud forms in foregut
  2. rotation of duodenum: ventral bud rotates and meets with dorsal pancreatic bud
  3. compression against dorsal body wall: secondarily retroperitoneal
28
Q 
fate map: liver and gall bladder
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A

event: structure (s)
1. outgrowth of ventral foregut: liver bud
2. differentiation
a. parenchyma- arise from liver bud
b. connective tissue: aries from septum transversum
3. narrowing of foregut connection: bile duct formation
4. outgrowth of bile duct: cystic diverticulum> gall bladder
5. growth of liver:
a. ventral mesentry is divided into hepatogastric ligament, hepatodudoneal ligament
c. falciform ligament (connection to abdominal walll

29
Q

falciform ligament arises from

A

arises from: ventral mesentry
due to: growth of the liver bud
def: connects liver to abdominal wall

30
Q

hepatogastric ligament arises from

A

arises from: ventral mesentry
due to: growth of the liver bud
def: connects liver to stomach

31
Q

hepatodudoneal ligament

A

arises from: ventral mesentry
due to: growth of the liver bud
def: connects the liver to the duodenum

32
Q 
fate map: midgut
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A
  1. elgonation: U-shaped midgut loop
  2. herniation into umbilical chord
  3. rotation (counterclockwise about SMA)- cranial limb towards right, caudal limb towards the left and develops cecal bud
  4. retraction
  5. rotation 2: 180 about SMA, cranial limb becomes located to the left, caudal limb to the right
  6. ascent of colon: decum and appendix are displaced in the lower right quadrant
  7. regression of vitelline duct
  8. retroperitoneal formation of ascending/ descending colon
33
Q

vitelline duct

A

def. connects the midgut loop to the yolk sac during development

34
Q

caudal limb of midgut loop

A

most of large intestine

35
Q

crandial limb of midgut loop

A

most of small intestine

36
Q

subperitoneal structures

A

rectum

37
Q

intraperitoneal structures

A 
stomach
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
appendix
cecum
38
Q

retroperitoneal, secondary structures

A

ascending colon

descending colon

39
Q

ventral mesentry

A

mesentry (lateral plate structure) that only forms in the abdominal foregut

forms the lesser omentum &
falciform ligament

40
Q

innervation: foregut

A

Sympathetic:
Greater Splachnic Nerve
celiac ganglion (T5-T9)
Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve (CN X)

41
Q

innervation: midgut

A

Sympathetic:
lesser and least splachnic nerves
superior mesenteric ganglion(T10-T12)

Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve (CN X)

42
Q

innervation: hindgut

A

Sympathetic:
lumbar splachnic nerves (L1-L2)
inferior mesenteric ganglion

Parasympathetic: Pelvic Splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

43
Q

vascular: foregut

A

celiac trunk

44
Q

vascular: midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

45
Q

vascular: hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

Anatomy (39 decks)

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