Perineum: Ischio-anal fossa, urogenital triangle, anal triangle

Question 1

wh is the perineum?

Answer 1

the perineum is a diamond-shaped region positioned inferiorly to the pelvic floor between the thighs. Its peripheral boundary is the pelvic outlet; its ceiling is the pelvic diaphragm (the leavtor ani and coccygeus muscles); and its narrow lateral walls are formed by the walls of the pelvic cavity below the attachment of the leavtor ani muscle

the perineum is divided into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle by an imaginary line between the two ischial tuberosities

Question 2

borders of perineum

Answer 2

anterior: inferior border of the pubic symphysis
posterior: tip of the coccyx
lateral: ischial tuberosity
inferior: pelvic outlet

roof: leavtor ani muscles

Question 3

external anal sphincter

Answer 3

deep part: continuous with leavtor ani muscles
superficial:
subvutaenous part: just beneath the skin
innervation: pudendal nerve

Question 4

superficial perineal pouch

Answer 4

ceiling: perineal membrane
floor: membranous layer of the superificial fascia
content: erectile tissue of the penis and clitoris

Question 5

corpora cavernosa

Answer 5

two cylindrical erectile structures attached to the pelvis at the crura (legs)

Question 6

crura

Answer 6

latin: “legs”

the end of the corpora cavernosa that attached them to the pubic arch

Question 7

bulbs of vestibule

Answer 7

the female equivalent of the corpus spongiosum in men;

two symmetric cylindrical structures found on either side of the glans clitoris

Question 8

glans clitoris

Answer 8

an erectile mass located anterior to the urethra in the midline

Question 9

corpus spongiosum

Answer 9

a single large erectile mass. th eequivalent of the vestibule, glans clitoris, and interconnecting bands of erectile tissue in women

located inferiorly and medially to the corpa cavernosa

contains the urethra

Question 10

root of clitoris

Answer 10

only the two crura

Question 11

body of clitoris

Answer 11

formed by the unattached parts of the corpora cavernosa, embedded in the connective tissue of the perineum

Question 12

root of penis

Answer 12

two crura + bulb of the penis

Question 13

bulb of penis

Answer 13

proximal part of the corpus spongiosum

Question 14

body of penis

Answer 14

the two free parts of the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum

Question 15

suspensory ligament of penis

Answer 15

a deep ligament anchored to the pubic symphysis

Question 16

fundiform ligament of penis

Answer 16

a superficial ligament attached to the linea alba and the anterior abdominal wal

Question 17

glans penis

Answer 17

an expansion of the corpus spongiosum at the distal end of the penis that covers the corpora cavernosa

Question 18

bartholin’s gland

Answer 18

female analogues of the bulborethral glands found in the superifical perineal pouch rather than deep

produce secretion during sexual arousal

Question 19

ischiocavernosus muscle

Answer 19

two thin muscles that cover the cura of the penis and are attached to the ischial tuberosity
forces blood from the body into the crus of the relevant erectile tissue

Question 20

bulbospongiosus muscle

Answer 20

associated with the bulbs of the vestibule in women; base of the corpus spongiosum in men

Question 21

vulva

Answer 21

female external genitalia: clitoris, vestibular apparatus, and a number of skin and tissue folds

Question 22

labia minora (minus for singular)

Answer 22

inner/ non-skin hood of the vulva, has a medial and lateral fold

Question 23

vestibule

Answer 23

the region enclosed on either side by the labia minora; urethra and vagina empty here

Question 24

prepuce of clitoris

Answer 24

“hood” of the clitoris, a union of the medial folds of the clitoris

Question 25

frenulum of labia minora

Answer 25

a small medial union between the two labia minora posterior to the clitoris

Question 26

hymen

Answer 26

a ring-like fold of membrane that ruptures during stress or during initial intercourse

Question 27

paraurethral (Skene’s) glands

Answer 27

open on either side of the urethra in females

Question 28

posterior commisure

Answer 28

posteriorly the labia majora do not meet, instead they form a commisure

Question 29

raphe

Answer 29

a midline remnant of the union of two labiscrotal swellings in the embryo

Question 30

raphe of penis

Answer 30

a line of fushion between urethral cushions?

Question 31

frenulum of the glans

Answer 31

a medial skin fold attaches the glans to the foreskin in this region

Question 32

corona of glans

Answer 32

the outer ring of the glans that meet at the midline

Question 33

prepuce

Answer 33

foreskin attached at the neck of the glans with skin lying loosely attached posteriorly

Question 34

Colle’s Fascia

Answer 34

a superficial fascia of the urogenital triangle that is continuous with the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

attachments: anteriorly it descends from the abdominal fascia, posteriorly it is attached to the perineal membrane, laterally it is anchored to the ischiopubic rami

Question 35

ischioanal fossa

Answer 35

borders
inferior: perineal membrane
laterally: obdurator muscle
superiorly and medially:levator ani muscles

Question 36

anterior recess of ischioanal fossa

Answer 36

base: deep perineal pouch
superiomedial wall: levator ani
superiolateral wal: obturator wall

Question 37

urogenital triangle

Answer 37

anterior border: inferior aspect of pubiv symphysis
lateral border: ischiopubic rami bones
posterior: imaginary line between ischial tuberosities