T2Q1 Leg: Muscle/ Origin/ Insertion

Question 1

gastrocnemius

Answer 1

origin:
medial- distal femur, superior to medial condyle
lateral-distal femur, upper posterolateral of lateral femoral condyle

insertion: calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus

f(x):

1. plantar flexes the foot
2. flexes knee

Question 2

soleus

Answer 2

origin:

tibia: soleal line and medial border
fibular: head and adjacent surfaces

insertion: calcaneal tendon

f(x) plantarflexes the foot

Question 3

plantaris

Answer 3

origin:
femur- inferior part of lateral supracondylar line
oblique politeal ligament of knee

insertion: calcaneal tendon

f(x):

1. plantar flexes the foot
2. flexes knee

Question 4

popliteus

Answer 4

origin: lateral femoral codyle
insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia

f(x):

1. stabilizes knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur)
2. unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)

Question 5

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 5

origin: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

f(x): flexes great toe

Question 6

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 6

origin: tibia, medial side of posterior surface
insertion: lantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes

f(x): flexes lateral four toes

Question 7

tibialis posterior

Answer 7

origin: interosseus membrane, posterior surface
insertion:
tuberosity of navicular and adjacent regions

f(x):

1. inversion
2. plantarflexion
3. support of medial arch (during walking)

Question 8

fibularis longus

Answer 8

origin: fibula, upper lateral surface
insertion: medial cuneiform/ metatarsal I, lateral side, inferior surface

f(x):

1. eversion
2. supports arches of foot

Question 9

fibularis brevis

Answer 9

origin: fibula, shaft, lower two-thirds
insertion: metatarsal, lateral tubercle

f(x); eversion of foot

Question 10

tibialis anterior

Answer 10

origin: tibia, lateral surface, anterior compartment
insertion: medial cuneiform/ adjacent surface

f(x):

1. dorsiflexion of foot at ankle
2. inversion of foot
3. dynamic support of medial arch of foot

Question 11

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 11

origin: fibula, meiddle one half of medial surface
insertion: distal phalanx, great toe, dorsal surface

f(x): extension of great toe

Question 12

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 12

origin: fibula, proximal one half of medial surface
insertion: middle phalanges of lateral four toes (viai digital expansions)

f(x):

1. extension of lateral four toes
2. dorsiflexion of foot

Question 13

fibularis tertius

Answer 13

origin: fibula, medial surface
insertion: metatarsal V, dorsomedial surface of base

f(x): dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

Question 14

quadratus plantae

Answer 14

origin:
1. calcaneus, medial surface
2. calcaneus, calcaneal tuberosity, lateral surface

insertion:
flexor digitorum longus tendon, lateral side, sole of foot

f(x): assists flexor digitorum tendon in flexes toes II to V

Question 15

lumbricals

Answer 15

origin:
flexor digitorum tendons, medial side
insertion: free margins of extensor hoods

f(x); flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints

Question 16

flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 16

origin: cuboid and lateral cuneiform, plantar surface
insertion: phalanx of great toe, lateral and medial sides

f(x): flexes great toe at metatarosphalangeal joint

Question 17

adductor hallucis

Answer 17

origin: calcaneal tuberosity, medial process
insertion: great toe, proximal phalanx, lateral side

f(x): adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 18

flexor digit minimi brevis

Answer 18

origin: base of metatarsal V, and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon
insertion: little toe, proximal phalanx, lateral side of base

f(x): flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 19

dorsal interossei

Answer 19

origin: adjacent metatarsal, sides
insertion: extensor hoods, bases of proximal phalanges of toes II to IV

f(x):

1. abduction of toes II to IV
2. resist extension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal joints

Question 20

plantar interossei

Answer 20

origin: metatarsals of toes III to V, medial sides
insertion: proximal phalanges of toes III to V, extensor hoods

f(x): adduction of toes III to V at metatarsophalangeal joints, resist extension of the metatarsophlangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints

Question 21

abducor hallucis

Answer 21

origin: calcaneal tuberosity, medial process
insertion: great toe, proximal phalanx, medial side

f(x): abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 22

flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 22

origin:
1. calcaneal tuberosity
2. plantar aponeurosis

insertion: middle phalanges of lateral four toes, sides of plantar surface

f(x): flexes latearl four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 23

abductor digiti minimi

Answer 23

origin;

1. calcaneal tuberosity, lateral and medial processes
2. band of connective tissue connecting calcaneus with base of metatarsal V

insertion: little toe, proximal phalanx, lateral side

f(x): abducts little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint