Thorax

Question 1

What are the thorax body regions?

Answer 1

-Interscapular region
Back
-Costal region
-Presternal regions
- Sternal regions

Question 2

What nerves make up the intercostobrachial plexus?

Answer 2

Intercostal nerves and lateral thoracic nerve

Question 3

What are the branches of the spinal nerve?

Answer 3

• Dorsal branch
  - Lateral branch
  - Dorsal cutaneous branch
  - Medial branch
• Ventral branch
  - Branch to intercostal
  - Lateral cutaneous br
  - Ventral cutaneous br

Question 4

What are the Spur vein and nerve?

Answer 4

Lateral thoracic nerve and either external thoracic vein of superficial thoracic vein.

Question 5

Where is the outline of the heart?

Answer 5

2-5th ICS

Left side makes contact with the body wall

Question 6

Where is the basal border of the lung?

Answer 6

Bottom of 6th rib-Middle of 11th rib- top of 16th rib

Question 7

Where is the ventral border of the lung?

Answer 7

Cardiac notch

Question 8

What is the dorsal border of the lung?

Answer 8

From the os coxae and the scapula along the iliocostalis muscle

Question 9

What is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection and where is it?

Answer 9

Where the costal pleura reflects on the diaphragmatic pleura.
6thc- 9th cc- 17th ics

Question 10

Where is the auscultation triangle?

Answer 10

Cranial border: Caudal border of triceps
Dorsal border: Caudal angle of scapula to tuber coxae
Caudoventral border: 6-11-16

Question 11

What is the costomediastinal recess?

Answer 11

Potential space between mediastinal pleura and costal pleura at the ventral border of the lung

Question 12

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 12

Potential space between diaphragmatic pleura and costal pleura on the basal border of the lungs

Question 13

What are the cupulae of pleura?

Answer 13

This are the cranial extents of the pleural cavity at the thoracic inlet.

Question 14

Which side has a cupulae of pleura that extends past the 1st rib?

Answer 14

The right side dorsal cupulae. Ventral does not extend cranial to the 1st rib

Question 15

How far does the cupula of the diaphragm extend?

Answer 15

6th rib

Question 16

Describe the trachea in the dog.

Answer 16

42-26 cartilage rings open on the dorsal surface. Trachealis muscles are also on the dorsal aspect

Question 17

Describe the trachea in a horse.

Answer 17

48-60 cartilage rings that open dorsally. Trachealis muscle is ventral to the cartilage but still on the dorsal aspect of trachea

Question 18

What are the lobes of the lung in a dog?

Answer 18

Right- Cranial, Middle, Caudal, and Accessory

Left: Cranial and caudal part of the cranial lobe, and caudal lobe

Question 19

What are the lobes of the lung in the horse?

Answer 19

Right: Cranial lobe, Caudal lobe, Accessory lobe
Left: Cranial lobe
Caudal lobe

Question 20

Which cranial lobe has a larger cardiac notch?

Answer 20

Left cranial

Question 21

Where are the lymph nodes of the lungs?

Answer 21

At the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 22

How is the position of the heart in the horse different from the dog.

Answer 22

The dog’s heart forms an angle of about 40 degrees with the sternum. The horse’s heart is more vertical to the sternum and the left side contacts the body wall

Question 23

What is the sternopericardial ligament?

Answer 23

Thickening of the endothoracic fascia continuous with the fibrous pericardium. It anchors the heart to the sternum.

Question 24

What is the phrenicopericarcial ligament?

Answer 24

In carnivores it is the oblique ligament that attaches the heart to the diaphragm

Question 25

How do the vessels leaving the heart differ in the horse from the dog?

Answer 25

Both subclavians branch from the brachiocephalic artery