Ruminant Thorax

Question 1

Horse VF?

Answer 1

C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd20

Question 2

Ox VF?

Answer 2

C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd 18-20

Question 3

Sheep and goats VF?

Answer 3

C7 T13 L6-7 S5 Cd16-18

Question 4

Dog and cat VF?

Answer 4

C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 20-23

Question 5

Bovine Trachea

Answer 5

Deeper than it is wide, trachealis muscle is deep to tracheal rings on dorsal aspect. Tracheal rings don’t overlap

Question 6

What are the borders of the auscultation triangle?

Answer 6

Cr: Caudal border of triceps
D: Lat edge of epaxial muscles from cd angle of scapula to coxal tuber
CDV: Oblique line from olecranon or 6th rib to upper part of rib 11

Question 7

Where is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection?

Answer 7

8th costochondral junction to middle of 11th rib to dorsal aspect of 13th rib and turning to reach the 12th rib. In small ruminants can extend past ribs

Question 8

Where is the basal border of the lung?

Answer 8

6th CC to 11th intercostal space

Question 9

Where is the heart in the cow?

Answer 9

Deep to 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces

Question 10

What is hardware disease?

Answer 10

Cows ingest metal and it gets stuck in the reticular groove and can risk puncturing the rumen and cause traumatic gastritis and can risk penetrating the pericardium (TRP)

Question 11

What structure is the heart in close proximity to?

Answer 11

Rumen

Question 12

How can you access the pericardium?

Answer 12

Do rib resection on rib 5

Question 13

What is different about cow ribs?

Answer 13

Greater breadth and small intercostal spaces

Question 14

Do ruminants have large or small thoracic capacities?

Answer 14

Small and small lung capacities

Question 15

Where is the cardiac notch?

Answer 15

3rd intercostal space to 5th rib on the left. 3rd to 4th ICS on the right

Question 16

Which cupula pleura extends past the first rib?

Answer 16

Right

Question 17

What is enclosed by the mediastinum?

Answer 17

• Thymus
• LN
• Heart
• Aorta
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• N and V
• CT
• Fat

Question 18

What is different about the cow mediastinum?

Answer 18

Shifted left by large R lung. Stronger and thicker. Divided into cranial, middle and caudal parts. Not the midline division of the thorax

Question 19

What is contained in the Cr mediastinum?

Answer 19

• Esophagus and trachea
• Vessels
• LN
• Thoracic duct
• Nerves
• Internal thoracic vessels
• Thymus

Question 20

What bronchi supplies the right lung?

Answer 20

Tracheal bronchus

Question 21

What is in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 21

• Esophagus
• Termination of trachia
• Aortic arch
• Pulmonary vessels
• Left azygous vein
• LN
• Vagal trunks
• Heart

Question 22

What is contained in the CD mediastinum?

Answer 22

• Esophagus
• Aorta
• Vagus trunks
• LN

Question 23

What lymph nodes drain the lungs?

Answer 23

• Tracheobronchial lnn

- Pulmonary lnn

Question 24

What drains the mediastinum?

Answer 24

• Cranial mediastinal ln
• Middle
• Caudal

Question 25

What mediastinal ln drains into the thoracic duct?

Answer 25

Middle mediastinal ln and caudal

Question 26

What mediastinal ln are the largest?

Answer 26

Caudal. between thoracic aorta and esophagus

Question 27

What anchors the heart in a somewhat fixed position?

Answer 27

Sternopericardial ligament

Question 28

What is ossa cordis?

Answer 28

Ossification of the fibrocartilage at the base of the heart that supports the aortic valve. Happens more frequently in cattle

Question 29

The cow heart is most like what other species?

Answer 29

Dog

Question 30

Where does the left azygous vein drain into?

Answer 30

Coronary sinus which turns into right atrium

Question 31

Where does the right azygous vein drain?

Answer 31

Cranial vena cava

Question 32

Arterial branching in the cow is most similar to what species?

Answer 32

Horses