Ruminant Thorax Flashcards
Horse VF?
C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd20
Ox VF?
C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd 18-20
Sheep and goats VF?
C7 T13 L6-7 S5 Cd16-18
Dog and cat VF?
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 20-23
Bovine Trachea
Deeper than it is wide, trachealis muscle is deep to tracheal rings on dorsal aspect. Tracheal rings don’t overlap
What are the borders of the auscultation triangle?
Cr: Caudal border of triceps
D: Lat edge of epaxial muscles from cd angle of scapula to coxal tuber
CDV: Oblique line from olecranon or 6th rib to upper part of rib 11
Where is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection?
8th costochondral junction to middle of 11th rib to dorsal aspect of 13th rib and turning to reach the 12th rib. In small ruminants can extend past ribs
Where is the basal border of the lung?
6th CC to 11th intercostal space
Where is the heart in the cow?
Deep to 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces
What is hardware disease?
Cows ingest metal and it gets stuck in the reticular groove and can risk puncturing the rumen and cause traumatic gastritis and can risk penetrating the pericardium (TRP)
What structure is the heart in close proximity to?
Rumen
How can you access the pericardium?
Do rib resection on rib 5
What is different about cow ribs?
Greater breadth and small intercostal spaces
Do ruminants have large or small thoracic capacities?
Small and small lung capacities
Where is the cardiac notch?
3rd intercostal space to 5th rib on the left. 3rd to 4th ICS on the right
Which cupula pleura extends past the first rib?
Right
What is enclosed by the mediastinum?
- Thymus
- LN
- Heart
- Aorta
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- N and V
- CT
- Fat
What is different about the cow mediastinum?
Shifted left by large R lung. Stronger and thicker. Divided into cranial, middle and caudal parts. Not the midline division of the thorax
What is contained in the Cr mediastinum?
- Esophagus and trachea
- Vessels
- LN
- Thoracic duct
- Nerves
- Internal thoracic vessels
- Thymus
What bronchi supplies the right lung?
Tracheal bronchus
What is in the middle mediastinum?
- Esophagus
- Termination of trachia
- Aortic arch
- Pulmonary vessels
- Left azygous vein
- LN
- Vagal trunks
- Heart
What is contained in the CD mediastinum?
- Esophagus
- Aorta
- Vagus trunks
- LN
What lymph nodes drain the lungs?
- Tracheobronchial lnn
- Pulmonary lnn
What drains the mediastinum?
- Cranial mediastinal ln
- Middle
- Caudal
What mediastinal ln drains into the thoracic duct?
Middle mediastinal ln and caudal
What mediastinal ln are the largest?
Caudal. between thoracic aorta and esophagus
What anchors the heart in a somewhat fixed position?
Sternopericardial ligament
What is ossa cordis?
Ossification of the fibrocartilage at the base of the heart that supports the aortic valve. Happens more frequently in cattle
The cow heart is most like what other species?
Dog
Where does the left azygous vein drain into?
Coronary sinus which turns into right atrium
Where does the right azygous vein drain?
Cranial vena cava
Arterial branching in the cow is most similar to what species?
Horses
