Muscles and Tendons of the Forelimb

Question 1

What are the muscles that cause scapular retraction?

Answer 1

• Trapezius
• Rhomboideus
• Serratus ventralis

Question 2

What are the Protractors of the limb?

Answer 2

Brachiocephalicus

Question 3

What is the retractor of the forelimb?

Answer 3

Latissimus dorsi

Question 4

What are adductors of the forelimb?

Answer 4

• Pectorals

- Subclavius

Question 5

Supraspinatus muscle

Answer 5

O: supraspinous fossa
I: Gr tubercle of humerus
A: shoulder stabilization and extension
N: Suprascapular

Question 6

Infraspinatus muscle

Answer 6

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Caudal Gr tubercle ad deltoid tuberosity
A: Stabilize shoulder and abduction
N: Suprascapular

Question 7

Deltoideus muscle

Answer 7

O: Caudal scapula and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Shoulder flexion
N: Axillary

Question 8

Where is the teres minor muscle?

Answer 8

Caudolateral aspect of shoulder joint deep to deltoid

Question 9

Subscapularis muscle

Answer 9

O: Subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle
A: Adduction
N: Subscapular

Question 10

Teres Major muscle

Answer 10

O: caudal angle of scapula
I: Teres tuberosity
A: Shoulder flexion
N: Axillary

Question 11

Coracobrachialis

Answer 11

O: Coracoid process
I: Proximal humeral diaphysis
A: Limb adduction
N: musculocutaneous

Question 12

Which elbow ligament is more easily palpable?

Answer 12

Lateral collateral

Question 13

Biceps Brachii?

Answer 13

O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: Radial tuberosity
A: fixation of shoulder, flexion of elbow
N: Musculocutaneous

Question 14

What is the bicipital bursa?

Answer 14

Bursa that covers the biceps tendon as it goes through the intertubercular groove

Question 15

What is the lacertus fibrosus?

Answer 15

Cranial/distal branch of the internal tendon of the biceps. Continuation of the fascia and epimysium and ECR. Used as the locking mechanism

Question 16

Why is the lacertus fibrosus important?

Answer 16

Used as a landmark for blocking the medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve

Question 17

Brachialis muscle

Answer 17

O: caudal proximal humerus
I: Cranioproximal radius
A: flexion of elbow
N: Musculocutaneous

Question 18

Triceps Brachii?

Answer 18

O:
-Long: Caudal border of scapula
-Lateral and Meidal: Caudal Humeral diaphysis
I: Olecranon tuberosity
A: Elbow extension
N: Radial

Question 19

Where do extensors of the Forearm originate?

Answer 19

Cranio-lateral aspect of distal humerus/radius

Question 20

What innervates extensor muscles of the forearm?

Answer 20

Radial nerve

Question 21

What carpal tendon sheaths are most commonly injured by laceration?

Answer 21

• Extensor carpi radialis

- Common digital extensor

Question 22

What is the carpal sheath?

Answer 22

Synovial structure around the SDFT and DDFT as the pass through the carpal canal

Question 23

Where do flexor muscles of the forearm originate?

Answer 23

Caudomedial aspect of humeral epicondyle and caudal to radius

Question 24

Where do flexors of the forearm turn to tendon?

Answer 24

Proximal to the carpus in the distal radius

Question 25

What innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm?

Answer 25

Median and ulnar nerves

Question 26

What are the accessory ligaments?

Answer 26

Proximal check ligament from SDF from the caudal radius . Part of passive stay apparatus

Question 27

Where is the distal check ligament?

Answer 27

Caudal aspect of carpus from the DDF

Question 28

Describe the tendon of the Biceps?

Answer 28

Two tendons of insertion and a groove where the intermediate tubercle sits

Question 29

What nerve provides sensation to the dorsomedial skin of the metacarpus?

Answer 29

Medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve (crosses lacertus fibrosus)

Question 30

Where are some bursas in the forearm?

Answer 30

• Infraspinatus
• Bicipital bursa
• Bursa of triceps over olecranon

Question 31

How many heads does the DDF have?

Answer 31

3