Thoracic Wall And Lungs

Question 1

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 1

Superior Boundary: thoracic outlet, root of neck
Rib cage: sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae
Inferior boundary: diaphragm

Question 2

Diaphragm openings

Answer 2

Caval opening (T8), esophageal hiatus (T10), aortic hiatus (T12)

Question 3

Thoracic outlet structures

Answer 3

1. Esophagus, trachea, superior vena cava
2. Phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk, thoracic duct
3. Right brachiocephalic trunk: R common carotid artery, subclavian artery
4. Right brachiocephalic vein: R internal jugular vein, subclavian vein
5. Left brachiocephalic vein: L internal jugular vein, subclavian vein
6. Left common carotid artery, subclavian artery

Question 4

Not demifaceted ribs

Answer 4

I, X, XI XII

Question 5

Ribs w/o tubercle on neck

Answer 5

XI, XII

Question 6

structure in Costal groove

Answer 6

Neurovascular bundle

Question 7

Rib 1

Answer 7

One articular facet, broadened superior surface, impressions, and scalene tubercle

Question 8

Ribs to sternum connection

Answer 8

Costal cartilage

Question 9

3 parts of sternum

Answer 9

1. Manubrium
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process

Question 10

Sternum: manubrium parts

Answer 10

1. Jugular notch
2. Clavicular articulating site
3. Rib I articulating site
4. Manubriosternal joint w/ Rib II facet (sternal angle)

Question 11

Right brachiocephalic trunk branches

Answer 11

1. Common carotid artery
2. Subclavian artery

Question 12

L/R brachiocephalic vein branches

Answer 12

L/R internal jugular vein
L/R subclavian vein

Question 13

Sternum: body

Answer 13

1. Inferior 1/2 of sternal angle
2. Ribs III - VI
3. Xiphosternal joint w/ 7th rib facet

Question 14

Posterior rib joint types

Answer 14

Costovertebral joint: head of rib + facets of vertebral body
Costotransverse joint: neck of rib + transverse facet of vertebrae

Question 15

Posterior rib ligaments

Answer 15

Superior Costotransverse ligament
Lateral costotransverse

Question 16

Rib types

Answer 16

True ribs (1-7): connect directly to sternum
False ribs (8-10): connect to rib VII costal cartilage then to sternum
Floating ribs (11-12): not connected to sternum or costal cartilage

Question 17

Intercostal space

Answer 17

Space between 2 ribs, a total of 11

Question 18

Motions of thoracic wall (analogies)

Answer 18

Sternum: water pump handle (anterior/posterior)
Ribs: Bucket handle (upward rotation)

Question 19

Motions of thoracic wall

Answer 19

TVP of sup vertebrae: coronal plane (ribs I-VII)
TVP of inf vertebrae: Sagittal plane (ribs VIII-X)
The axis of the 2 articulations shifted correspondingly

Question 20

Dermatome landmarks

Answer 20

T4: nipple line
T6: xiphord process
T10: umbilicus
T12: pubic symphesis

Question 21

Auxiliary artery pneumonic

Answer 21

Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient

Question 22

Auxiliary arteries

Answer 22

Superior thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery/trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 23

Pleural cavity and respiration

Answer 23

Expansion: elevation of rib cage, less than -4mmHg
Compression: depression of rib cage, back to -4mmHg

Question 24

Contents of mediastinum

Answer 24

Heart (pericardial cavity), esophagus, trachea, giant cardiac vessels

Question 25

Intra-pleural Cavity pressure

Answer 25

Always less than or equal to -4mmHg

Question 26

Right lung

Answer 26

3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior
Fissures: oblique, horizontal
Hilum: bronchus and bronchus to sup. Lobe, pulmonary artery/vein

Question 27

Left lung

Answer 27

2 lobes: superior, inferior
Lingual: tongue-like structure, degenerated middle lobe
Fissure: oblique
Hilum: bronchus, pulmonary vein/artery.
Pulmonary artery superior to bronchi

Question 28

Right lung impressions

Answer 28

Azygos vein
Esophagus
Brachiocephalic trunk
R/L brachiocephalic veins
SVC/IVC
Cardiac

Question 29

Left lung impressions

Answer 29

Descending/arch aorta
Esophagus
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Cardiac impression