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Anatomy W Lei > Cranium And The Brain > Flashcards

Cranium And The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Cranium: anatomy

A

Cranium:
1. Neurocranium: bony structural container for the brain, protection
- Calvaria
- base
2. Vicerocranium: bony structure to support visceral organs, boundaries
Mandible

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2
Q

Calvaria

A

Parietal, frontal, superior occipital, and temporal bone

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3
Q

Base

A

Inferior frontal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid

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4
Q

Sutures

A

Coronal, Sagittal, lambdoid, and squamous
* dura mater attachment sites inside cranium

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5
Q

Coronal suture

A

Frontal and parietal - “crown”

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6
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Inter parietal bones

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7
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Parietal and occipital - rainbow

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8
Q

Squamous suture

A

Parietal and temporal

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9
Q

Pterion

A

Weakest point of the Neurocranium
Artery: middle meningeal
*epidural hematoma

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10
Q

Pterion: sutures

A

Sphenosquamous suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Frontosphenoid suture

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11
Q

Cranial fossae: anterior

A

Frontal bone: frontal crest
Ethmoid bone: crista galli and cribriform plate
Sphenoid bone: lesser wing and anterior clinoid processes *optical canal

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12
Q

Cranial fossae: middle

A

Sphenoid bone: posterior clinoid process + hypophysial fossa (sella turcica) + greater wing + superior orbital fissure + coratid canal.
- Foramen : rotundum, ovale, spinosum, lacerum,
Temporal bone
Inferior parietal

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13
Q

Cranial fossae: posterior

A

Temporal bone: petrous part, internal acoustic medius, jugular foreman
Occipital bone: clivus, Internal occipital crest + protuberance, foremen magnum, hypoglossal canal
Inferior parietal bone

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14
Q

Occipital bone: external/inferior

A

Hypoglossal canal
Foremen magnum
Occipital condyles
External occipital protuberance
Sup/inf nuchal line

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15
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Foremen spinosum
Foremen ovale
Medial / lateral pterygoid plates

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16
Q

Temporal bone: ext / inf

A

Mastoid process/notch
Styloid process
External acoustic medius
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Coratid canal
Jugular foremen
Stylomastoid foremen

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17
Q

Fissures of the brain

A

Longitudinal fissure: left and right hemisphere
Transverse fissure: occipital babe and cerebellum

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18
Q

Pterian bones

A

Frontal, parietal, spheroid, temporal

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19
Q

Telencephalon: neocortex/cerebrum lobes (6)

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, lambic, and insular

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20
Q

Telencephalon: sulci and gyri

A

Central sulcus: precentral (somatic motor M1) and postcentral (somatic sensory S1)gyrus
Lateral sulcus: primary auditory cortex in temporal
Parietooccipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus: primary visual cortex

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21
Q

Frontal lobe: function

A

Somatomotor (M1)

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22
Q

Parietal lobe: functions

A

Somatosensory (S1)

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23
Q

Temporal lobe: function

A

Audition (A1)

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24
Q

Occipital lobe: function

A

Vision (V1)

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25
Q

Limbic lobe:

A

Drive, emotion, and memory

26
Q

Insula

A

Taste

27
Q

Left hemisphere: functions

A

Language, function- executing, logic

28
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Spatial orientation, emotion, prosody of language

29
Q

Contralateral control

A
  • Somatic sensory and motor control of neck and body
    Right hemisphere controls left side of body
    Left hemisphere controls right side of body
30
Q

Right

A
31
Q

Homunculus: medial → lateral

A

S1: lower limb, trunk, upper limb, face, and mouth
M1: 3 concentric effector regions, 3 cognitive-coordination regions

32
Q

Deep telencephalon components

A

Caudate
Nucleus accumbens
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus: diencephalon
Substantial nigra: midbrain

33
Q

Diencephalon: thalamic family

A

Epithalamus: pineal gland
Subthalamus: basal nuclei
Thalamus: multiple nuclei
Hypothalamus: multiple nuclei, center of life and death
Optic nerve: CN 2

34
Q

How many cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs

35
Q

CN 1: olfactory nerve

A

Cribriform plate, ethmoid bone
Bulb: CNS
Nerves: PNS

36
Q

CN 2: optic nerve

A

Sphenoid bone
Outlet: Optic canal
CNS

37
Q

Brain stem layers (3)

A

Basilar: descending tracts
Tegmentum: ascending tracts, nuclei of CN
Tectum: midbrain only, both descending and ascending tracts

38
Q

CN 3: oculomotor

A

Originates at Superior colliculus
Outlet: superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor nerve nuclei : visual pathway
Somatic motor: 5 extraocular muscles
Visceral motor: ciliary ganglion
- ciliary body: lens
- iris with sympathetic

39
Q

CN 4: trochlear nerve

A

Outlet: Superior orbital fissure
Only CN from dorsal brain stem
Somatic motor: superior oblique muscle

40
Q

Midbrain structures

A

Cerebral peduncle: all axions from and to the cerebral cortex
Substantial nigra
Red nucleus
Cerebra aqueduct: periaquedatal gray

41
Q

Pons

A

The “belly” of the brain stem
4th ventricle postcriorly
Mid-pons: CN 5
Pontomedullary junction:
CN 6,7,8

42
Q

CN 5: Trigeminal nerve

A

Sphenoid bond
V1: ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure, NFL
V2: maxillary - foreman rotundum
V3: mandibular - for amen ovale
Cutaneous: smell and taste, somatic
Muscular: mastication

43
Q

CN 6: Abducens

A

Outlet: Superior orbital fissure:sure, sphenoid bone
Somatic motor: lateral Rectus muscle

44
Q

CN 7: facial nerve

A

Sensory:
1. Chemical: taste, anterior 2/3 tongue
2. Somatic: external ear around external meatus
Motor:
1. Somatic: facial expression/stapedius, digastric and stylohyoid, stylomastoid foreman
2. Visceral: parasympathetic
- pterygopalatine ganglia: lachrymal gland/mucosal glands
- submandibular ganglia: submandibular/sublingual salivary gland

45
Q

What CN originate on the Midbrain? (2)

A

3 and 4

46
Q

CN 8: vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Internal acoustic meatus, temporal bone
Special sensation
- propioception: vestibular division
- hearing: sound wave
**acoustic schwannoma: balance impairment

47
Q

Medulla oblongata: CN (4)

A

CN’s: 9, 10, 11, 12

48
Q

CN 9: glossopheryngeal nerve

A

Jugular foreman, temporal, and occipital bone
Sensory:
1. Chemical: taste posterior 1/3 of tongue; blood pressure (carotid sinus) and O2 saturation (carotid body)
2. Somatic: mouth and pharynx; middle ear
Motor:
1. Somatic: stylopharynngeus muscle
2. Visceral optic ganglion - parotid gland / mucosal glands

49
Q

CN 10: vagus nerve

A

Jugular foreman, temporal, and occipital bones
Sensory:
1. Chemical: taste of epiglottis and palate
2. Somatic: external ear, larynx
Motor:
1. Somatic: pharynx and larynx muscles
2. Visceral: internal organs to end of the midgut (2/3 of the transverse colon)

50
Q

CN 11: spinal accessory nerve

A

Jugular foreman
C1-C5, medulla oblongata root back to CN X
Somatic motor: trapezius and SCM muscle

51
Q

CN 12: hypoglossal nerve

A

Hypoglossal canal
Somatic motor: extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles

52
Q

Cerebellum: lobes (3)

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Inferior
  3. Flocculonodular: proprioception and balance
    Function: coordination of all CNS functions
53
Q

Neural communications: cortical regions

A

Association fibers: Same hemisphere
Commissars: corpus callosum, bilateral hemispheres

54
Q

Neural communication: cortical and subcortical

A

Projection fibers and internal capsule

55
Q

CN with 4 Functional components

A

7, 9, 10

56
Q

3 parts of fetal brain

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

57
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Forebrain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon: optical vesicle of CN 2

58
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

59
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Hindbrain
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

60
Q

Thalamus functions

A

Relay center for sensory pathways
Coordination cognition, emotion, and motor functions

Anatomy W Lei (16 decks)

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