Mediastinum And Heart

Question 1

Mediastinum location

Answer 1

Between the left and right lung, superior thoracic aperture, and diaphragm

Question 2

Mediastinum divisions

Answer 2

Superior: sternal angle
Inferior: anterior, middle, posterior

Question 3

Mediastinum contents

Answer 3

Thymus, heart, great vessels, trachea/bronchi, esophagus, thoracic duct

Question 4

Pericardial layers (deep → superficial)

Answer 4

Heart, visceral layer of serous membrane, pericardial cavity, parietal layer, and fibrous pericardium

Question 5

Pericardial cavity function

Answer 5

Lubrication for smooth movement of heart in the cavity. Fixes heart to central tendon.

Question 6

Pericardial innervation and referral pain

Answer 6

Phrenic nerve; pain refers to right bicipital groove

Question 7

Heart chambers (4)

Answer 7

R/L atrium and ventricles

Question 8

Cardiac wall layers (3)

Answer 8

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 9

Cardiac innervation

Answer 9

Pacemaker-conducting system.
Gap junction’s in muscles for synchronized contraction

Question 10

Heart anatomy

Answer 10

Cone shaped
Base: right atrium
Apex: left 5th intercostal space
Anterior surface: left and right ventricles
Right pulmonary surface: right atrium
Left pulmonary surface: left ventricle

Question 11

Left/right heart oxygen content

Answer 11

Right heart: deoxygenated
Left heart: oxygenated