Blood Supply, Meninges, And Ventricular System

Question 1

Anterior cerebral artery (aca)

Answer 1

Branch of Internal carotid
Medial frontal and parietal lobes and lambic lobe
Lateral superior frontal and parietal lobes

Question 2

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 2

Branch of Internal carotid
Supralateral frontal and parietal lobes and superior temporal lobe
Functions:
contralateral trunk, upper limb, and face somatic motor/sensory
Hearing
Language if on the left side: aphasia
Spatial cognition and emotion if on the right side: left hemineglect

Question 3

Posterior cerebral artery (pca)

Answer 3

Branch of basilar artery
Inferior temporal and occipital lobe
Functions
- memory
- contralateral visual field

Question 4

Anastomosis: circle of Willis

Answer 4

Anterior communicating artery
ACA (x2)
IC (x2)
Posterior communicating artery
PCA (x2)

Surrounds Hypothalamus’s infundibulum

Question 5

Pituitary gland

Answer 5

Links endocrine & nervous system (regulating systems)
** sphenoid sinus

Question 6

Stroke

Answer 6

Compromised blood supply to the brain
Types: hemorrhagic and ischemic

Question 7

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 7

Intraparenchymal bleeding/ subarachnoid hemorrhage
Complicated signs/symptoms
* younger than 55 y/o must be screened for drug abuse

Question 8

Ischemic stroke

Answer 8

Blockage of blood supply and results in hypoxemic damage
fixed pattern of signed/symptoms
Can be transient

Question 9

Arteriovenous malformation (avm)

Answer 9

Most common btwn adolescence and 40 y/o
Same as the formation of fistula

Question 10

Cavernous malformation

Answer 10

Intracranial vascular malformations w/ different names
Mass effects of spatial occupation
Risk of hemorrhagic stroke

Question 11

Dural matter meninges layers

Answer 11

1. Periostea’s layer: calvarian sutures (easy) & base attachments (difficult)
2. Meningeal layer: continuous to spinal cord dura mater

Fxn: protection & support vascular system

Question 12

Arachnoid mater

Answer 12

Trabeculae suspending the brain
Fxn: protection & support vascular system

Question 13

Pia mater

Answer 13

Superficial layer of the brain
Fxn: protection & support vascular system

Question 14

Meningeal layer folding

Answer 14

Sagittal (2)
1. Falx cerebri
2. Falx Cerebelli
Transverse (2)
1. Tentorium cerebelli
2. Diaphragma sellae

Question 15

Ventricular system

Answer 15

Lateral ventricles through interventricular foreman (of monro) to 3rd ventricle (diencephalon) through cerebral aqueduct ( midbrain) to the 4th ventricle spons/medulla

Question 16

Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)

Answer 16

Blood-brain barrier: fight junctions of endothelia, prevent direct molecular exchange
Production:

Question 17

CSF: functions

Answer 17

Buoyance: ↓ weight of brain
Pressure: 7-15 mmHg, enclosed container pressure from all directions
Provide insulation
Get rid of metabolic wastes through diffusion (high → low)

Question 18

Astrocyte

Question 19

Out of ventricular system

Answer 19

Median over tire

Question 20

CSF circulation

Answer 20

Changes w/ heartbeat
Systole
Diastole

Question 21

CSF drainage

Answer 21

Arachnoid trabeculae form the venous structures

Question 22

Emissary veins

Answer 22

In loose CT layer

Question 23

Epidural hematoma

Answer 23

Loss of consciousness → normal → coma/death

Question 24

Subdural hematoma

Answer 24

Convex

Question 25

Brain weight and blood supply requirement

Answer 25

~2% of total body wt
Requires 20% of blood supply

Question 26

Anterior Brain blood supply

Answer 26

Internal carotid artery

Question 27

Posterior brain blood supply

Answer 27

Vertebral basilar artery
- r/l come together to make basilar artery

Question 28

What structure do Vertebral arteries go through

Answer 28

Transverse foremen at C6 level and up