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Anatomy W Lei > Anterior Neck And Visceral Organs > Flashcards

Anterior Neck And Visceral Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Neck boundaries

A

Superior: inferior border of the mandible and C1
Inferior: transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process, laterally to acromium
*weakest part of the body

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2
Q

Hyoid parts

A

Body, greater, and lesser horn

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3
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Shape: half ring
Landmarks:
1. Sup/inf notch
2. Oblique line
3. Sup/inf horn
4. Lamina: 90~120°
5. Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)

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4
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Shape: ring
- posterior wall is higher than the anterior wall
Landmarks:
- superior facet for the arytenoid
- inferior facet for the thyroid cartilage inferior horn

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5
Q

Arytenoid

A

Shape: pyramid
Apex and vocal process
Base articulates with superior facet on cricoid

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6
Q

Corniculate

A

Hat for arytenoid cartilage

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7
Q

Cuneiform

A

Found in the fold of epiglottis

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8
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage “leaf-like” structure
Depression: swallowing reflex
Elevation: breathing and speaking

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9
Q

Larynx

A

Function: speaking
Assembly:
- inferior articular facets of the thyroid attach to cricoid cartilage
- arytenoid articulates with cricoid

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10
Q

Facial compartments

A

Superficial fascia: platysma
Investing fascia
Visceral fascia
Carotid sheath
Vertebral fascia

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11
Q

Facial function

A

Protects structures and contains infection
Allows free motion of the neck during swallowing and turning

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12
Q

Fascia fusion

A

Neighboring fascia merge to form ligaments

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13
Q

M

A
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14
Q

Cervical plexus

A

All ventral rami of the spinal nerves
C1 to geniohyoid and there hyoid muscles through hypoglossal nerve (cn 12)

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15
Q

Anna cervicalis

A

Motor

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16
Q

Cervical plexus: cutaneous division

A

Lesser occipital nerve(C2)
Greater auricular nerve (C2-C3)
Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
Supraclavicular nerve (C3 - C4)

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17
Q

Nerve point: cervical plexus

A

Exiting ~ 1/3 - 1/2

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18
Q

Subclavian artery branches

A

Thyrocervical trunk → inferior thyroid artery
Costocervical trunk → posterior intercostal arteries 1 and 2

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19
Q

External carotid artery branches: posterior

A

Ascending

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20
Q

External carotid artery branches: anterior

A

Superior

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21
Q

Terminal

A
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22
Q

Anterior neck veins

A

*Huge variations, not symmetric along the neck
1. Superficial vein → Internal jugular vein
2. External jugular vein →

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23
Q

Lymph drainage

A

25% to the r subclavian vein and Internal jugular vein “angle”
75% to the L subclavian vein and Internal jugular vein “angle”

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24
Q

Platysma muscle

A

P: inferior mandible border skin and subcutaneous tissue of the face
D: pectoralis major

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25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A

P: manubrium and proximal clavicle
D: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
I: CN XI
B: occipital and superior thyroid arteries
A: FLX (B), ipsilateral sb/ contralateral Rot., ELE Thorax and shoulder
** unilateral impairment results to torticollis: tightness of the some side or weakness of contralateral side

26
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid

27
Q

Stylohyoid

A

P: styled process
D: hyoid body
I: CN VII
B: superior thyroid artery and lingual artery
A: hyoid elevation

28
Q

Digastric

A

P: posterior belly-
anterior belly

29
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

P: mylohyoid line of Hu mandible
D: hyoid body and median raphe

30
Q

Geniohyoid

A

P: mandibular inferior mental spire
D: anterior hyoid body
I: C1 hiking through the CN 12

31
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid

32
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

P: posterior menubrium clavicle, and sternoclavicular ligament

33
Q

Sternothyroid muscle

A
34
Q

Omohyoid

A

P: inferior border of the hyoid body
D: suprascapular notch
I: Anna cericalis
B: Lingual artery

35
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle

A

P: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
D:

36
Q

Anterior scalene

A
  • Same direction as SCM
    P: anterior tubers of tu transverse process of C3 - C6
    D: scalene tubercle of the 1st rib
37
Q

Middle scalene

A

P: Posterior tubercle of transverse process of C2-C7
D:

38
Q

Posterior scalene

A

P: posterior tubercle of transverse process C5 -C7

39
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A
40
Q

Vertebral fascia compartment

A

Longus capitis

41
Q

Carotid sheath boundary

A

Base of skull to 1st rib/sternum

42
Q

Carotid sheath contents

A

Different at different levels
Important for

43
Q

Carotid sheath contents

A

Different at different levels
Important for

44
Q

Cervical sympathetic ganglia

A
45
Q

Thyroid

A

Left and right lobes, occasional pyramidal lobe
Endocrine organ: thyroid hormone - regulating metabolism

46
Q

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

A

Hyper - thin and hot
Hypo - fat and cold

47
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Sup/int glands in each lobe of thyroid gland
Function: regulating calcium levels in blood.

48
Q

Thyroid/parathyroid blood support

A

Arteries
1. Inferior thyroid artery

49
Q

Thyroid/parathyroid visceral innervation

A

Sensory: superior laryngeal nerve (CN x, myelinated)
Motor: unmyelinated, postganglianic axons
- sympathetic: middle
- parasympathetic:

50
Q

Larynx functions

A

Respiration and speech

51
Q

Larynx muscles: extrinsic

A

Supra- and infra- hyoid/ thyroid muscles : C1 and ansa cervicalis branches

52
Q

Larynx muscles: intrinsic

A

Muscles are covered by a mucosal surface to create the vocal folds
All innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)
Open and close quickly; lengthening and changing the tension of the vocal folds
Folding epiglottis to close larynx when swallowing

53
Q

Trachea

A
54
Q

Larynx and trachea neurovascular

A

Arteries: inf/ sup thyroid artery
Vein: inf/ sup laryngeal vein
Innervation:

55
Q

Pharynx. Boundaries

A

Base of skull to inferior border of the cricoid, surround

56
Q

Pharynx: extrinsic muscles

A

Pharyngeal raphe: merge of i

57
Q

Pharynx: intrinsic muscles

A

Palatopharyngeus (cnx)
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

58
Q

Pharynx innervation

A

Motor:
- somatic
- visceral
Sensory:
- somatic
- visceral

59
Q

Gag reflex

A

Vomiting

60
Q

Esophagus

A

Continuous to pharynx: infe

Anatomy W Lei (16 decks)

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