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Anatomy W Lei > Abdominal Contents > Flashcards

Abdominal Contents Flashcards

1
Q

Intraperitonial

A

Within peritoneum, organs are mobile
Organs: liver, spleen, esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon

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2
Q

Retroperatoneal

A

Outside peritoneum, organs are fixed to abdominal wall
Organs:
-Primary: originate outside parietal peritoneum mesoderm
—>spleen, kidneys, ureter, adrenal glands, greater vessels (IVC and abdominal aorta), testes/ovaries before descending
-Secondary: “spun out” of peritoneum endoderm
—>duodenum, pancreas,, ascending and descending colon, rectum, anus.

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3
Q

Pancreas parts

A

Parts: head, neck, body, tail, and uncinate process

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4
Q

Pancreas functions

A

Endocrine: insulin and glucagon
Exocrine: digestive enzymes mainly for protein

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5
Q

Spleen structure

A

Capsule, trabecular, pulps (red and white)

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6
Q

Spleen vasculature

A

Artery: splenic artery from celiac trunk, tortuous (for expansion)
Vein: splenic vein drains into portal vein

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7
Q

Kehr’s sign

A

In capsule of spleen, easily lacerated and causes referred pain in left shoulder

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8
Q

Midgut blood-supply

A

Superior mesenteric artery
- middle/right colic artery
- jejunal arteries
- ileal arteries
- Ileocolic artery -> marginal artery

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9
Q

Midgut of colon

A

From descending duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum/appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 of transfers colon

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10
Q

Hindgut of colon

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

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11
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

All digestive tract veins flow into portal vein which flows into liver.
Function: storage of nutrients in liver and detoxication

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12
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Malfunction of liver blocks portal vein drainage
Backflow can cause:
Gastric/splenic vein to esophageal = esophageal varices
Renal vein to iliac vein = internal hemorrhoids
Paraumbilical veins = caput Medusae

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13
Q

Kidneys anatomy

A

R is lower due to liver
Structure: cortex, medulla, minor calyx to major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
Hilum: renal vein/artery/pelvis

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14
Q

Kidney functions

A

Waste excretion from blood (urine)
Electrolyte and water balance
Regulate bp; renin-Angiotension system
Hematopoiesis: cytokine erythroprotien (EPO)

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15
Q

Kidney visceral motor

A

Follows renal arteries

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16
Q

Adrenal gland anatomy

A

Top of kidneys
Layers: medulla, cortex

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17
Q

Adrenal glands functions

A

Regulate metabolism, bp, immune response, stress response, sex hormones

18
Q

Adrenal gland vascular supply

A

Arteries:
1. Superior: multiple branches from inferior phrenic artery
2. Middle: aorta
3. Inferior: 1st branch of renal artery
Veins:
Right drains into IVC
Left drains into renal vein

19
Q

Bifurcation of abdominal aorta

A

L4: common iliac arteries

20
Q

IVC formation

A

L5: common iliac veins

21
Q

Anastomosis: foregut to midgut

A

Superior/interior pancreaticoduodenal

22
Q

Anastomosis: midgut to hindgut

A

Middle/left colic

23
Q

Anastomosis:

A
24
Q

Foregut sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5 - T9)
Vagus nerve (CN 10)

25
Q

Midgut sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Inconclusive due to rotations

26
Q

Abdominal cavity boundary

A

Superior: diaphragm
Inferior: pelvic inlet
Posterior: lumbar vertebrae and muscles
Anterior/lateral: continuous soft tissue and abdominal muscles

27
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Wraps and fixates organs in abdominal and pelvic cavities
* fluid, no organs!!

28
Q

Greater sac of peritoneal cavity

A

Contains intraperitoneal organs
Superior and inferior to lesser sac

29
Q

Greater omentum of peritoneal cavity

A

Visceral peritoneum folding from stomachs greater curvature (inferior)

30
Q

Lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity

A

Empty, bound by greater and lesser omentum

31
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Visceral peritoneum folding from stomach’s lesser curvature to liver
Superior to greater omentum

32
Q

Omental foramen

A

Connects the two sac’s, “foremen of Winslow”

33
Q

Hepatoduedenal ligament

A

A part of the lesser omentum
Between the liver and duodenum
* contains portal triad

34
Q

Portal triad

A
  1. Hepatic artery proper
  2. Hepatic portal vein
  3. Common bile duct
35
Q

Foregut blood-supply

A

Celiac trunk: aortic hiatus/median arcuate ligament
1. Splenic artery
2. Left gastric artery
3. Common hepatic artery

36
Q

Splenic artery branches (2)

A
  1. Short gastric artery
  2. Left gastroepiploic artery
37
Q

Common hepatic artery branches (2)

A
  1. Gastroduodenal artery
  2. Hepatic artery proper
38
Q

Stomach anatomy

A

Abdominal esophagus
Cardiac notch
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum, canal, and sphincter

39
Q

Stomach blood supply

A

Branches of celiac trunk:
Lesser- R/L gastric artery
Greater - R/L gastroepiploic artery
Fundus- short gastric artery

40
Q

Stomach function

A

Digestion
Limited absorption
Intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

Anatomy W Lei (16 decks)

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