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DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy > Thoracic Skeleton and Lungs > Flashcards

Thoracic Skeleton and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Attachment for upper limb
  2. Protection and landmarks to underlying cavities
  3. Openings for communication
  4. Movement for respiration
A

Thoracic Skeleton

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2
Q

Ribs 1-7

Articulate directly with sternum

A

True ribs

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3
Q

Ribs 8-10

Attaches to the superior ribs costal cartilage

A

False ribs

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4
Q

Ribs 11/12

Not attached to anything

A

Floater ribs

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5
Q

Inferior border anterior thoracic wall
Attach to diaphragm and abdominals
Palpable landmark

A

Costal margin

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6
Q

Connects manubruim to the body of the sternum
Palpable landmark of 2nd rib
T4/T5 transverse section

A

Sternal angle

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7
Q

Which of the following joints connects the sternum and costal cartilage?

A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal

A

D. Sternocostal

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8
Q 
Which of the following connects costal cartilage and ribs 1-10?
A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal
A

Costchondral

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9
Q

What joint is the head of the rib to the vertebral body?

A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal

A

Costovertebral

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10
Q

What joint connects the rib tubercle to the transverse process of the vertebrae?

A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal

A

Costotransverse

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11
Q

What increases the elasticity of the rib cage and provides the structure with better movement?

A

Costal cartilage

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12
Q

If you are auscultating the R intercostal space, what valve is that?

A

Aortic valve

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13
Q

If you are auscultating the L 2nd intercostal space, what valve is that?

A

Pulmonic valve

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14
Q

Where does the superior thoracic aperture start?

A

1st rib
T1
jugular notch

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15
Q

What encloses the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

What passageways run through the aperture’s for vital structures?

A

Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Thoracic aorta

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17
Q

What passageway runs inferior to superior through the apertures?
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Esophagus
C. Thoracic aorta

A

Inferior vena cava

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18
Q 
What passageways run superior to inferior through the apertures?
A. Esophagus and inferior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and thoracic aorta
C. Thoracic aorta and esophagus
D. All 3
A

Thoracic aorta and esophagus

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19
Q

What level and hiatus does the inferior vena cava and R phrenic nerve pass through?

A

T8 and cava opening/vena cava hiatus

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20
Q

What level and hiatus does the esophagus and vagus trunks pass through?

A

T10 and esophagus hiatus

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21
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus on T12 level?

A

Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Sympathetic trunk

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22
Q

Inhalation or expiration

  1. Contraction of diaphragm (flattens)
  2. Ribs/sternum go up
  3. R/L domes descend inferiorly
  4. Increase thoracic diameter and volume
  5. Decrease pressure
A

Inhalation

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23
Q

Inhalation or expiration

  1. Relaxation of diaphragm (mountain)
  2. Ribs and sternum go down
  3. R/L domes ascend to resting position
  4. Decrease in thoracic diameter and volume
  5. Increase in pressure
A

Expiration

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24
Q 
If you are doing normal breathing, which muscles are active?
A. Diaphragm 
B. Sternocleidomastoid 
C. External obliques
D. Scalenes
A

Diaphragm

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25
Q 
If you are doing deep breathing, which of the following muscles would be active?
A. Internal intercostals
B. Recuts abdominus
C. External intercostals
D. External obliques
A

External intercostals

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26
Q 
If you are blowing out candles, which of the following muscles would be active?
A. External intercostals
B.  Internal intercostals
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Scalenes
A

Internal intercostals

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27
Q
  1. Elevate ribs
  2. External intercostals
  3. Sternocleidomastoid
  4. Diaphragm
  5. Scalenes
A

Forced inhalation

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28
Q
  1. Depress ribs
  2. Internal intercostals
  3. Recuts abdominus
  4. External obliques
  5. Diaphragm
A

Forced expiration

29
Q

How do you name a rib?

A

Inferior costal facet of above vertebrae
Superior costal facet of same # vertebrae
Vertebrae # = to transverse process

30
Q

What is the weakest point in a rib and possible injury if rib is fractured?

A

Anterior angle is weakest point
Pneumothorax
Lots of pain due to nerve being so close to rib

31
Q

Muscles at the wall

A 
Pec minor/major
Serrated anterior
Sternocleidomastoid 
Scalenes
External obliques 
Recuts abdominus
32
Q

Muscles that act on the wall

A

Transverse thoracis
Subcostal
External, internal, innermost intercostals

33
Q 
What muscles help with rib depression?
A. Transverse thoracis
B. Levatores costarum
C. Subcostal
D. A and C
A

Transverse thoracis and Subcostal

34
Q 
What muscles help with rib elevation?
A. Transverse thoracis
B. Levatores costarum
C. Serratus posterior superior and inferior
D. Both B and C
A

Levatores costarum and serratus posterior sup/inf

35
Q

Inferior to superior rib

Depress rib during ACTIVE expiration

A

Internal intercostals

36
Q

Superior to inferior rib

Elevate rib during ACTIVE inspiration

A

External intercostals

37
Q

Mostly found along lateral section of thoracic wall

V.A.N between layers

A

Innermost intercostals

38
Q 
Which of the following pleura is for the intercostals?
A. Mediastinal
B. Diaphragmatic
C. Costal 
D. Visceral
A

Costal

39
Q 
Which of the following pleura is for the mediastinum?
A. Mediastinal
B. Diaphragmatic
C. Costal 
D. Visceral
A

Mediastinal

40
Q 
Which of the following pleura is for the diaphragm?
A. Mediastinal
B. Diaphragmatic
C. Costal 
D. Visceral
A

Diaphragmatic

41
Q 
Which of the following pleura is for the lining of the lung?
A. Mediastinal
B. Diaphragmatic
C. Costal 
D. Visceral
A

Visceral

42
Q

Motor: intercostals, subcostal, transverse thoracis
Sensory: costal pleura and skin

Carry sympathetic innervations

A

Intercostal nerve T1-11

Subcostal nerve T12

43
Q

Motor: diaphragm
Sensory: pericardium, mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura

A

Phrenic nerve C3-5

44
Q

Thoracic aorta gives off to the posterior intercostal arteries T3-11 and Subcostal arteries T12

A

Posterior arteries

45
Q

Subclavian artery gives off to two branches.

  1. Internal thoracic artery which gives off to anterior intercostal artery.
  2. Costocervical trunk which gives off to the 1st/2nd posterior intercostal arteries.
A

Anterior arteries

46
Q

From inferior to superior, the Anterior intercostal vein gives off to internal thoracic vein that gives off to the brachiocephalic vein.

A

Anterior veins

47
Q

The superior vena cava can receive blood from two pathways.

  1. The azygos vein which relieves blood from the posterior intercostal veins and hemi-azygos veins.
  2. The brachiocephalic vein receives blood from the posterior intercostal veins.
A

Posterior veins

48
Q

Sternum to tubercle of ribs

Replaces muscle fibers to the vertebral body posteriorly

A

Internal intercostal membrane

49
Q

Vertebral body to costal cartilage

Replaces muscle fibers anteriorly

A

External intercostal membrane

50
Q

What is the space created by the reflections of the parietal pleura called

A

Called a recess

Lungs do not completely fill space

51
Q

What is the costophrenic angle?

A

Extreme outermost lower corner of each lung where diaphragm meets ribs

Recess

52
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

Fluid in the pleural recess prevents lung from expanding

53
Q

How lobes and fissures does the right long have?

A

3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior

2 fissures: horizontal and oblique

54
Q

How many lobes and fissures does the left lung have

A

2 lobes: superior and inferior

1 fissure: oblique

55
Q

What immersions are on each lung

A

R lung- esophagus, azygos vein, some cardiac notch

L lung- aortic and most cardiac notch

56
Q

What is the lingula

A

Tongue like projection off L lung

57
Q

What is the hilum

A

The doorway structure of lung when dissected

Root of lung is when lungs are still connected to structures

58
Q

What makes up the root of the lung

A

Pulmonary artery/veins and primary bronchus

59
Q

How do you describe the position of the pulmonary artery related to the bronchus

A

Right Anterior Left Superior

RALS

60
Q

What is the function of the cartilage of the trachea

A

Maintains airway
Ring like
Keeps it open

61
Q

Trachea bifurcates at what spinal level

A

Anteriorly- T2/sternal level

Posteriorly- T4-5

62
Q

Trachea is lined with

A

Smooth muscle and secretory glands

63
Q

Order of bronchi

A

Trachea
Primary/main
Secondary/lobar
Tertiary/segmental

64
Q

Bronchioles bifurcate into

A

Alveolar sacs and ducts
Help with gas exchange
Made of thin endothelial tissue

65
Q

Blood supply from lung structures come from

A

Bronchial arteries branching from descending aorta

Drain back into azygos veins

66
Q

Where can we see bronchial arteries

A

Hilum on mediastinal surface

67
Q

BronchodilatIon
Inhibits secretion
Pulmonary plexus

“Dilated and dry”

A

Sympathetic nervous system airways

68
Q

Bronchoconstriction
Activates secretion
Vagus nerve

Constricted and congested

A

Parasympathetic nervous system airways

69
Q

Which bronchus us wider, shorter, and steep?

A

R

Goes to the R inferior lobe

DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy (12 decks)

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