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DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy > Eye, Ear, and Nose > Flashcards

Eye, Ear, and Nose Flashcards

1
Q

what comes through the supraorbital foramen/notch

A

supraorbital n- V1 terminal branch

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2
Q

what comes through the optic canal

A

optic n and ophthalmic a

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3
Q

what comes through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN V1, CN III, CN IV, CN VI, blood vessels

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4
Q

what comes through the ethmoidal formanina

A

ethmoidal n and arteries

nasocilary, V1 branch

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5
Q

what comes through the nasolacrimal canal

A

nasolacrimal duct- drainage of tear

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6
Q

what comes through the inferior orbital fissure

A

venous plexus

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7
Q

what are the function of the lacrymal apparatus

A

tear production- moisture of the eye and emotional expression

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8
Q

what is the process of drainage of tears

A

tear flows inferomedial across eye to lacrimal canaliculi to nasolacrimal duct

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9
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for the lacrymal apparatus

A

postganglionic axon from superior cervical ganglion to form deep petrosal n

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10
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal apparatus

A

presynaptic axon form CN VII to form greater petrosal n

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11
Q

describe the sclera

A

outer layer

white dense capsule of eyeball

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12
Q

describe the cornea

A

outer layer

clear dense capsule for light passing through

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13
Q

describe the choroid

A

blood vessel plexus

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14
Q

describe the retina

A

sensory collection

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15
Q

what is the iris

A

pupil

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16
Q

what does the iris contain

A

pupillary light reflex

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17
Q

what is the ciliary body

A

lens

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18
Q

what other structures can be found in the eye orbit

A

neurovascular structures
permanent fat
extraocular/extraorbital muscle- eyelid

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19
Q

what provides somatosensory of orbit

A

opthalmic n V1 from CN V breaks down into:
nasociliary n
frontal n
lacrimal n

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20
Q

what does the frontal n from the orbit break down into

A

ciliary n
supratrochlear n
supraorbital n

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21
Q

what is the blood supply of the eye and its branches

A 
opthalmic a:
central retinal a
ciliary a
supraorbital a
ethmoidal a
lacrimal a
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22
Q

what is the blood supply for the ciliary body

A

ciliary a

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23
Q

what is the blood supply for the scalp and eyelid

A

supraorbital a

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24
Q

what is the blood supply for the inner vitreous body

A

central retinal a

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25
Q

what is the blood supply to the lacrimal gland

A

lacrimal a

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26
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the eyeball

A

superior cervical ganglion -> ciliary n

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27
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the eyeball

A

CNIII to form ciliary ganglion

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28
Q

what is the sympathetic function of the iris

A

dilate pupil

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29
Q

what is the parasympathetic function of the iris

A

constrict the pupil - pupillary light reflex

30
Q

what is horner’s syndrome

A

sympathetic nonfunctional (ciliary n)
constricted pupil
eyelid ptosis
no sweating on affected side

31
Q

what muscle is affected for Bell’s palsy

A

orbicularis oculi

32
Q

what muscle is affected with a full ptosis

A

levator palpebrae superioris

33
Q

what is the superior tarsal muscle

A

helps open the eye when excited

smooth muscle

34
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of the superior tarsal muscle

A

superior cervical ganglion

35
Q

what muscle is affected with Horner’s syndrome, partial ptosis

A

superior tarsal muscle

36
Q

what is estropia

A

adducted eyeballs- convergence

37
Q

what is exotropia

A

abducted eyeballs- divergence

38
Q

what is hypertropia

A

elevated eyeballs

39
Q

what is hypotropia

A

depressed eyeballs

40
Q

what is the external ear

A

auricle to tympanic membrane

41
Q

what is the middle ear

A

tympanic cavity

tympanic membrane to vestibulocochlear organs

42
Q

what connects middle ear to oropharynx

A

pharyngotympanic tube/eustachian tube

43
Q

what is the inner ear

A

vestibulocochlear organs to internal acoustic meatus

44
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the auricle of the ear

A

CN V= tip of ear
C2= posteroinferior and anterior
CN X= center
CN VII/IX and X= posterior auditory canal

45
Q

what is the sensory innervation for the external acoustic meatus

A

V3, CN VII/IX, X

46
Q

what is the sensory innervation for the middle ear

A

CN IX for mucosal membrane

47
Q

what is in the anterior middle ear

A 
internal carotid a
fibers from superior cervical ganglia
chorda tympani
pharyngotympanic tube
lesser petrosal n
48
Q

what is in the lateral middle ear

A

tympanic membrane
malleus
tensor tympani muscle (CN V)

49
Q

what is in the medial middle ear

A

promontory with tympanic plexus which has the lesser petrosal n that gives off the otic ganglion for the parotid gland
oval and round window
posterior canal of vestibular system
facial n

50
Q

what is in the roof of middle ear

A

temporal bone

51
Q

what is in the posterior middle ear

A

mastoid sinus
facial n- gives off nerve to stapedius and stapedius muscle, also gives off chorda tympani to innervate the submandibular ganglion for salivary glands

52
Q

what is the floor of the middle ear

A

internal jugular vein

53
Q

what exits the jugular foramen

A 
tympanic n
stylopharyngeal n
carotid sinus
lingual branches
communicating branches to vagus n
54
Q

what nerve from the otic ganglion gives off the tympanic n

A

Lesser petrosal n

55
Q

what nerve innervates the stylopharngeal muscle

A

stylopharyngeal n

56
Q

what are the functions of the carotid sinus

A

barometer- bifurcation of common carotid a

SaO2- chemical sensation

57
Q

what are the functions of the lingual branches

A

chemical sensation- taste post 1/3 tongue
visceral sensory for pharynx and mucosal glands
somatic sensory- post 1/3 tongue

58
Q

what nerve innervates tensor tympani

A

tensor tympani n CN V3

59
Q

what is the function of tensor tympani

A

tensing tympanic membrane, decrease vibration thus dampening chewing noise

**coordinates with mastication muscles

60
Q

what is the nerve innervation for the stapedius muscle

A

nerve to stapedius CN VII

61
Q

what is the function of stapedius

A

dampening vibrations passed to the cochlea via oval window

62
Q

what is hyperacusis

A

disorder in loudness percception

63
Q

what is otolith organs (macula)

A

calcium carbonate crystals
utricle- horizontal linear acceleration
saccule- vertical linear acceleration

64
Q

what are the semicircular canals

A

90 degrees of each other in 3D distribution filled with lymph
anterior-45 degrees to mid-sagittal plane
posterior- aligned with auricle
horizontal

whole system tilted 30 degrees upwards

65
Q

what are the crista

A

cupula- stimuli detection organs, block other canals

66
Q

what does the superior vestibular n innervate

A

utricle, anterior and horizontal semicircular canal

67
Q

what does the inferior vestibular n innervate

A

saccule and posterior semicircular canal

68
Q

what is the blood supply for the vestibular system

A

vertebral merges to basilar
AICA
ant and post vestibular a from AICA follow sup and inf vestibular n

69
Q

what is the vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

head movement to one direction, eyes to another
stabilize vision
driving, head wabbly but stable gaze

70
Q

what is the vestibulocollic reflex

A

neck muscles contract and relax according to head position

71
Q

what is the vestibulospinal reflex

A

maintain upright posture

72
Q

boundaries of nasal cavity

A

lateral- irregular
medial- nasal septum
roof- narrow: frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoidal

DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy (12 decks)

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