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DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy > Cranium > Flashcards

Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the skull

A

28

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2
Q

What is the difference between neurocranium and viscerocranium

A

Neurocranium- surrounding the brain

Viscerocranium- facial bones

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3
Q

What makes up the cranium

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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4
Q

What are the 6 midline bones

A 
Occipital 
Frontal
Mandible
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid
Vomer
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5
Q

What are the 11 bilateral pairs of bones

A 
Parietal
Temporal 
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Nasal
Palatine 
Lacrimal 
Inferior nasal concha
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6
Q

Dome shape roof of neurocranium

A

Calvaria

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7
Q

Floor of neurocranium

A

Cranial base

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8
Q

Majority of bones in the calvaria are fused via fibrous joints

A

Sutures

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9
Q

What separates the parietal and temporal bones

A

Squamous suture

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10
Q

What is a coronal suture

A

Separates the frontal and parietal bones

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11
Q

What is the lambdoid suture

A

Separates the parietal and temporal bones from the occipital bone

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12
Q

What is the sagittal suture

A

Separates the parietal bones

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13
Q

What is the pterion

A

The connection of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid

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14
Q

What injury can happen to the pterion

A

Extradural hematoma because of bleeding to the middle meningeal artery

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15
Q

What are the branches to come to the middle meningeal artery

A

External carotid a to maxillary a to middle meningeal a

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16
Q

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone

A

Superior, inferior, middle nasal concha

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17
Q

What are the functions of the superior, middle and inferior concha

A

Covered with mucosa
Increase vascular and mucosal surface area
Warm and moistens air

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18
Q

What is the crista galli

A

Attachment point for falx cerebri

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19
Q

What is the cribriform plate

A

Tiny Formina that transmit the olfactory n from the nasal cavities to the olfactory bulbs of the brain

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20
Q

What is in the carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

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21
Q

What is in the inner ear

A

Cochlea and semicircular canals

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22
Q

What is in the middle ear

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

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23
Q

What is the epidural space of the spinal cord

A

True space

Contains fat and internal vertebral venous plexus

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24
Q

What is the dura mater of the spinal cord

A

Tough mother

Outermost meningeal layer

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25
Q

What is the subdural space of the spinal cord

A

Potential space

Between dura mater and arachnoid mater

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26
Q

What is the arachnoid mater of the spinal cord

A

Spider mother
Thin, delicate, a vascular
Adhered to dura mater

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27
Q

What is the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord

A

True space
Filled with CSF
Thin space accessed during lumbar puncture

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28
Q

What is the Pia mater of the spinal cord

A

Tender mother

Adhered to spinal cord

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29
Q

What is the epidural space of the brain

A

Potential space

No fat or venous plexus

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30
Q

What is the dura mater of the brain

A

Two layers
1. Periosteal layer
2. Meningeal layer- continuous with cord dura
Tightly adhered to skull

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31
Q

What is the subdural space of the brain

A

Potential space

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32
Q

What is the arachnoid mater of the brain

A

Loosely attached to dura

Contains arachnoid granulations

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33
Q

What is the subarachnoid space in the brain

A

True space
Contains CSF
Contains cerebral arteries and veins

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34
Q

What is the pia mater of the brain

A

Adhered to the brain

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35
Q

What is an epidural hematoma

A 
Due to trauma
Between periosteal layer of dura and bone 
Atrial bleed- middle meningeal a 
Does not cross suture line 
Bi-convex shape
36
Q

What is a subdural hematoma

A 
Trauma 
Between meningeal layer of dura and arachnoid 
Tears of cerebral or bridging veins 
May cross suture lines 
Crescent shaped
37
Q

What is a subarachnoid hematoma

A

Deep to arachnoid mater
CSF and blood vessels
Ruptured aneurysm

38
Q

What is an intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Due to trauma or hypertension
Accumulation of blood inside the brain
Rupture of blood vessels

39
Q

Separates two hemispheres of cerebrum

Vertical projection

A

Falx cerebri

40
Q

Separates two hemispheres of cerebellum

Vertical projection

A

Falx cerebelli

41
Q

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

Horizontal projection

A

Tentorium cerebelli

42
Q

Covers pituitary gland

Horizontal projection

A

Diaphragma sellae

43
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior cranial fossa

A

Meningeal branches of V1- ophthalmic

44
Q

What is the innervation for the middle cranial fossa

A

Medial: meningeal branches of V2- maxillary
Lateral: meningeal branches of V3- mandibular

45
Q

What is the innervation for the posterior cranial fossa

A

Vagus n

C1-3 cervical n

46
Q

What is the blood supply for the dura

A

Middle meningeal a

47
Q

What is the dura venous sinuses

A

Major venous drainage system of head
Between periosteal and meningeal layers
Lack valves
Drain to internal jugular veins in jugular formina

48
Q

What drains to the dural venous sinuses

A 
Diploic veins 
Emissary veins
Cerebral v
Bridging v
Arachnoid granulations
49
Q

Drain flat bones of calvarium

A

Diploic v

50
Q

Connect extracranial v with intracranial dural sinuses

A

Emissary v

51
Q

Drain the brain parenchyma
Subarachnoid space
Pierce the meninges and drain Into cranial venous sinuses

A

Cerebral v

52
Q

Drain cerebrum and cerebellum

Cross subarachnoid and subdural spaces

A

Bridging v

53
Q

Drain CSF from subarachnoid space into dural sinuses

A

Arachnoid granulations

54
Q

What is the superior sagittal sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Superior border of falx cerebri

Superior cerebral, Diploic v, and emissary v and CSF

55
Q

What is the inferior sagittal sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Inferior margin of falx cerebri

Cerebral v and v from falx cerebri

56
Q

What is the great cerebral v and where does it receive blood from

A

Joined inferior sagittal sinus to form straight sinus

Superior cerebellar v, v from falx cerebri, drains deep areas of cerebral hemispheres

57
Q

What is the straight sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Inferior sagittal sinus, great cerebral v, posterior cerebral v, superior cerebellar v, v from falx cerebri

58
Q

What is the occipital sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Falx cerebelli against occipital bone

Vertebral plexus of v

59
Q

What is the confluence of sinuses and where does it receive blood from

A

Dilated space at the internal occipital protuberance

Superior sagittal, straight and occipital sinuses

60
Q

What is the transverse sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Horizontal extensions from confluence along posterior and lateral tentorium cerebelli

Confluenceof sinuses, superior sagittal, straight, superior petrosal, inferior cerebral, cerebellar, diploic, and emissary v

61
Q

What is the sigmoid sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Continuation of transverse sinus to internal jugular v

Transverse sinus, cerebellar, diploic, emissary v

62
Q

What is the superior and inferior petrosal sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

Cavernous sinus, cerebellar and cerebral v

63
Q

What is the cavernous sinus and where does it receive blood from

A

Lateral aspect of body of sphenoid

Cerebral ophthalmic v, deep veins of face, sphenoparietal sinus, emissary v

64
Q

What passes through the cavernous sinus

A 
Oculamotor n CN3
Throchlear n CN4
Ophthalmic n V1
Maxillary n CN V2
Internal Carotid a
Abducent n CN 6
65
Q

What is a cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Rare
From: sinus infections, nasal boils, dental infections
Staphylococcus aureus
Symptoms: fever, headache, peri orbital swelling and pain

66
Q

Where is CSF produced and by what

A

In the ventricles by choroid plexus

67
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

Overproduction CSF
Obstruction of CSF flow from ventricles
(Most common cerebral aqueduct)
Inability of arachnoid granulations to absorb CSF

68
Q

What is most common of hydrocephalus in adults

A

Interruption of CSF absorption
Blood enters subarachnoid space, passes over the brain, blocks the absorption
Catheter must be placed to relieve pressure

69
Q

What is most common of hydrocephalus in children

A

Size of dimensions of ventricle increases = brain enlarges
The sutures are not closed so head expands
VP Shunt is placed

70
Q

Can neurons or mitochondria be replaced in the brain

A

mitchondria

71
Q

what is the anterior blood supply of the brain

A

internal carotid artery

  1. ophthalmic a
  2. anterior cerebral a
  3. middle cerebral a
  4. posterior communicating a
72
Q

what is the posterior blood supply of the brain

A

vertebral-basilar a

  1. posterior inferior cerebellar a
  2. basilar a
  3. anterior inferior cerebellar a
  4. superior cerebellar a
  5. posterior cerebellar a
  6. other vertebral a
73
Q

what nerve is compressed between the SCA and PCA

A

CN III oculomotor

74
Q

what are the arteries for circle of willis

A

internal carotid a (2)
anterior cerebral a (2)
posterior cerebral a (2) off the basilar a
anterior (1) and posterior communicating a (2)

75
Q

what nerve exits the cribriform plate

A

CN 1 olefactory

76
Q

what nerve exits the the optic canal

A

CN II optic

77
Q

what sits in the sella turcica/hypophyseal fossa

A

pituitary gland

78
Q

what nerves are in the superior orbital fissure

A

CN V1- ophthalmic, CN III oculomotor, CN IV trochlear, CN VI abducens

79
Q

what nerve is in the foramen rotundum

A

CN V2- maxillary

80
Q

what is in the foramen ovale

A

CN V3- mandibular

81
Q

what is in the foramen lacerum

A

internal carotid a

82
Q

what is in the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal a

83
Q

what nerves are in the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII facial, CN VIII vestibulochlear

84
Q

what nerves are in the jugular foramen

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal, CN X vagus, CN XI accessory

85
Q

what nerve is in the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII hypoglossal

86
Q

what is in the foramen magnum

A

spinal cord

87
Q

what is the strongest and weakest point of the cranium

A

strongest- petrous

weakest- pterion

DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy (12 decks)

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