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DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy > Anterior Neck and Visceral Organs > Flashcards

Anterior Neck and Visceral Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior boundary of the neck

A

inferior border of the mandible

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2
Q

what is the inferior boundary of the neck

A

transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process

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3
Q

what is the only bone in the body not articulating with another bone

A

hyoid

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4
Q

what is the laryngeal prominence

A

adams apple

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5
Q

what is the degree of ange of the lamina on the thyroid

A

90-120 degrees

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6
Q

where does the tracheostomy entry point

A

cricoid

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7
Q

what is the epiglottis responsible for when it depresses

A

swallowing reflex

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8
Q

what is the epiglottis responsible for when it elevates

A

breath/voice

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9
Q

what are the arytenoids

A

apex and vocal process

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10
Q

how is the larynx assembled

A

inferior articular facets of thyroid and cricoid cartilage
cricoid articulates with arytenoids
arytenoids articulate with corniculates and cuneiforms

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11
Q

what are the borders for the anterior neck triangle

A

superior- mandibular inferior edge
anterior- midline of the neck (mandibular symphysis to jugular notch)
posterior- anterior border of SCM

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12
Q

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A

submandibular
submental
carotid triangle
muscular triangle

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13
Q

what can be done in the carotid triangle

A

palpation of carotid pulse

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14
Q

what makes up the posterior triangle of the neck

A

anterior- posterior border of SCM
inferior- clavicle
posterior- anterior border of upper trapezius

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15
Q

what is the superficial fascia of the neck

A

platysma

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16
Q

what are the four deep fascia layers of the neck

A

investing
visceral
carotid sheath
prevertebral

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17
Q

what are the contents of the investing fascia

A

whole neck, divides lamina wrapping around superficial neck muscles

infrahyoid, suprahyoid, SCM/traps

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18
Q

what are the contents in the visceral fascia of the neck

A

neck visceral organs

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19
Q

what are the contents of the carotid sheath in the neck

A

neurovascular structures

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20
Q

what are the contents of the prevertebral fascia in the neck

A

deep neck muscles, lamina divides before vertebral body (alar fascia)

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21
Q

why is levator scapulae in the investing layer

A

it is a superficial muscle

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22
Q

what are the functions of the fascia

A

protects structures
contains infection
free motion for swallowing and turning

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23
Q

what fascial spaces form the space directly leading to the posterior mediastinum

A

prevertebral and alar fascia

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24
Q

what fascia does the investing layer fuse with

A

visceral fascia

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25
Q

what is the dangerous zone in the neck

A

retropharynegeal space

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26
Q

what nerve from the cervical plexus shares the CN XII hypoglossal nerve tract

A

C1- geniohyoid and thyrohyoid

C1-superior root of ansa cervicalis

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27
Q

what does C1 nerve root innervate

A

geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles

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28
Q

what are the nerve roots for the inferior root of ansa cervicalis

A

C2-3

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29
Q

what are the nerve roots for the lesser occipital n

A

C2

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30
Q

what are the nerve roots for the great auricular n

A

C2-3

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31
Q

what are the nerve roots for transverse cervical n

A

C2-3

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32
Q

what are the nerve roots for supraclavicular n

A

C3-4

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33
Q

what is the nerve point for the supraclavicular n

A

exiting proximal 1/3 of posterior SCM

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34
Q

what arteries come off the costocervical trunk

A

posterior intercostal a 1 and 2

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35
Q

what arteries come off the thyrocervical trunk

A

suprascapular a
inferior thyroid a
ascending cervical a
transverse cervical a

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36
Q

what arteries come off of the transverse cervical a

A

superficial transverse cervical a

dorsal scapular a

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37
Q

what arteries come off the external carotid a

A 
superior thyroid a
lingual a
ascending pharyngeal a
facial a
occipital a 
posterior articular a 
maxillary a
superficial temporal a
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38
Q

proximal and distal attachment of platysma

A

inferior mandible

pectoralis major and deltoid fascia

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39
Q

innervation and blood supply for platysma

A

cervical branch of facial n CN VII
facial a
submental a

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40
Q

functions of platysma

A

depress mandible
lower face skin
elevate neck skin when mouth closed

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41
Q

proximal and distal attachment of sternocleidomastoid

A

manubrium and proximal clavicle

mastoid process and sup nuchal line

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42
Q

innervation and blood supply of sternocleidomastoid

A

spinal accessory n CN XI

occipital and superior thyroid a

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43
Q

function of sternocleidomastoid

A

ipsilateral SB
contralateral RT
flex
elevate thorax and shoulder

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44
Q

what can be caused by a unilateral impairment of sternocleidomastoid

A

torticollis

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45
Q

proximal and distal attachments of mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line of mandible

hyoid body

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46
Q

innervation and blood supply mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid branch of V3

inferior aveolar a

47
Q

functions of mylohyoid

A

hyoid and mouth elevation

mandible depression and retraction

48
Q

proximal and distal attachment of geniohyoid

A

mandibular inferior mental spine

anterior hyoid body

49
Q

innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1 through hypoglossal n

50
Q

function of geniohyoid

A

hyoid and mouth elevation

mandible retraction and depression

51
Q

proximal and distal attachment of sternohyoid

A

posterior manubrium, clavicle, sternoclavicular lig

inferior border hyoid

52
Q

innervation and blood supply of sternohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis

superior thyroid a

53
Q

function of sternohyoid

A

hyoid and larynx depression

54
Q

proximal and distal attachment of sternothyroid

A

posterior surface manubrium

oblique line thyroid cartilage

55
Q

innervation and blood supply of sternothyroid

A

ansa cervicalis

superior thyroid a

56
Q

function of sternothyroid

A

depression of thyroid cartilage and larynx

57
Q

proximal and distal attachment of omohyoid

A

lower border of hyoid

suprascapular notch

58
Q

innervation and blood supply of omohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis

lingual a, superior cervical a, infrahyoid a

59
Q

function of omohyoid

A

hyoid depression

60
Q

proximal and distal attachment for thyrohyoid

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

lower body and greater horn of hyoid

61
Q

innervation and blood supply of thyrohyoid

A

C1 through hypoglossal n

superior thyroid a

62
Q

function of thyrohyoid

A

depression of hyoid

elevation of thyroid cartilage and larynx

63
Q

proximal and distal attachment of anterior scalene

A

anterior tubercle of transverse process C3-6

scalene tubercle of 1st rib

64
Q

innervation and blood supply of anterior scalene

A

ventral rami C4-6

ascending cervical a

65
Q

function of anterior scalene

A

neck ipsilateral SB
contralateral RT
flex
1st rib elevation

66
Q

proximal and distal attachment of middle scalene

A

posterior tubercle of transverse process of C2-7

upper surface of rib 1

67
Q

innervation and blood supply of middle scalene

A

ventral rami n C2-7

ascending cervical a

68
Q

function of middle scalene

A

neck ipsilateral SB

1st rib elevation

69
Q

proximal and distal attachment of posterior scalene

A

posterior tubercle of transverse process C5-7

2nd rib

70
Q

innervation and blood supply of posterior scalene

A

ventral rami n C6-8

ascending cervical a

71
Q

function of posterior scalene

A

neck ipsilateral SB

2nd rib elevation

72
Q

what becomes impinged by the anterior and middle scalenes in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

brachial plexus roots/trunks and subclavian a

73
Q

what becomes impinged by the clavicle and 1st rib in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

brachial plexus cords/divisions and subclavian/axillary a

74
Q

what is spared in the thoracic outlet syndrome

A

suprascapular a and subclavian v

75
Q

what are the core muscles of the neck

A

longus capitis
longus coli
rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis

76
Q

what is the innervation of the core neck muscles

A

ventral rami cervical n

77
Q

what is the boundary of the carotid sheath

A

base of skull to 1st rib/sternum

78
Q

what are the contents of the superior neck in the carotid sheath

A

internal carotid a- medial
internal jugular v- lateral
vagus n CN X- posterior

spinal accessory n CN XI
hypoglossal n CN XII
sympathetic trunk

79
Q

what sheath is the ansa cervicalis n embedded in

A

anterior sheath

80
Q

In the sympathetic trunk, what does the paravertebral ganglia do

A

visceral organs in the somatic components

arrector pili
sweat glands
blood vessels

81
Q

where can you find the splanchnic nerve

A

internal viscera, mainly abdomen

82
Q

describe the superior cervical ganglia

A

largest one
all head and neck sympathetic motor
cervical cardiac n

83
Q

describe the middle cervical ganglia

A

cervical cardiac n

84
Q

describe the inferior cervical ganglia

A

stellate
cervical cardiac n
UE

85
Q

where is the thyroid gland loacted

A

medial to carotid sheath

86
Q

what is the thyroid glands main function

A

regulate metabolism

87
Q

what are the clinical diagnosis’ for the secretion of thyroid hormone

A

hyperthyroidism- thin, hot

hypothyroidism- fat, cold

88
Q

what other clinical diagnosis can the thyroid gland be apart of

A

frozen shoulder

89
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid

A

regulate calcium levels in the blood
absorption
urine production

90
Q

what are the clinical diagnosis’ associated with the parathyroid

A

osteopenia
osteoporosis
calcification

91
Q

what arteries support the thyroid and parathyroid

A

inferior/superior thyroid artery

92
Q

what are the visceral innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid

A

S- superior laryngeal n, myelinated
M- unmyelinated
SM (fight or flight)- middle cervical ganglia
PS (relax)- superior laryngeal n

93
Q

what is the function of the layrnx

A

respiration and speech

94
Q

what nerve innervates all of the larynx

A

CN X Vagus

95
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

supra and infrahyoid

infrathyroid

96
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles and their innervation of the larynx

A

cricothyroid by superior laryngeal n (recurrent laryngeal n)

97
Q

what type of muscle makes up the trachea and what nerve innervates it

A

smooth muscles

PS- CN X Vagus

98
Q

what nerve is associated with hoarseness

A

L recurrent laryngeal n

99
Q

what are the functions of the larynx intrinsic muscles

A

attached to arytenoids
tension on vocal folds to produce voice
folding epiglottis to close larynx when swallowing or valsalva maneuver

100
Q

what is the arteries that supply the larynx

A

inferior and superior thyroid a

101
Q

what is the function of the visceral sensory in the larynx

A

chemical sensation: detecting taste in the epiglottis

102
Q

what are the regions of the pharynx and their functions

A

nasopharynx- respiration
oropharynx- digestive
laryngopharynx- respiration and digestion

103
Q

what is the functions of the external pharyngeal muscles

A

constricts /narrow wall of pharynx during swallowing

104
Q

what is the innervation of the external pharyngeal muscles

A

CN X Vagus

sometimes superior esophagus n

105
Q

what are the external pharyngeal muscles and their proximal attachments

A

Superior- lingula of mandible
middle- lesser horn hyoid
inferior- thyroid and cricoid cartilage

106
Q

what is the function of the internal pharyngeal muscles

A

elevate the larynx and pharynx when swallowing

107
Q

what are the internal pharyngeal muscles and their innervations

A

palatopharyngeus- CN X
salpingopharyngeus- CN X
stylopharyngeus- CN IX

108
Q

what is responsible for the GAG reflex

A

pharynx

109
Q

what is the nerve for afferent signals in the pharynx

A

CN IX

110
Q

what nerve is responsible for the efferent signals in the pharynx

A

CN X

111
Q

what level is the thyroid cartilage at superiorly and inferiorly

A

sup- C3-4

inf- C5-6

112
Q

where can you find the thyroid glands

A

between manubrium and inferior border of thyroid cartilage

medial to carotid sheath

113
Q

What is a goiter

A

compensatory overgrowth of thyroid glands or lithium use (bipolar disorder)

114
Q

what is the autoimmune response for hypothyroidism

A

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy (12 decks)

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