Nervous System Flashcards
what does the peripheral nervous system breakdown into
autonomic division and somatic divsion
what does the autonomic division do
regulates internal environment
CNS to organs, blood, glands
breaks down into two division: sympathetic and parasympathetic
what does the somatic division do
carries info to CNS from senses and CNS to skeletal muscle
what does the sympathetic nervous system do
increase HR, contraction bronchial muscles RELAX decrease gut motility dilates pupils and blood vessels increase sweat
what does parasympathetic nervous system do
decrease HR, force of contraction bronchial muscles CONTRACT increase gut motility constricts pupils and blood vessels no sweating
what are the main functions of the frontal lobe
primary motor cortex executive processes voluntary behavior problem solving self control personality
what are the main functions of the temporal lobe
hearing and selective listening sounds and speech language comprehension different sounds and pitches short term memory loss
what is aphasia
acquired language disorder
fluent or nonfluent speech
what is broca’s area
frontal lobe
think of the right words and put in the correct order with the correct sequence of muscle contractions to produce the sounds for the words
what is wernicke’s area
temporal lobe
ability to comprehend language, including speech
what is broca’s aphasia
"broken speech" intact comprehension speech takes effort, sparse writing is also impaired aware of deficit non-fluent strokes affecting middle cerebral artery
what is wernicke’s aphasia
"word salad" impaired comprehension usually unaware of deficit fluent but meaningless speech sentences dont make sense
what is global aphasia
large lesion in dominant hemisphere
nonfluent aphasia
infarction of internal carotid or middle cerebral a
what is the main functions of the parietal lobe
sensory cortex postcentral gyrus higher processing of attention perception of body somatosensory (pain, touch, pressure, temp.) spatial mapping reading numbers
what is the main functions of the occipital lobes
mapping the visual world spatial reasoning visual memory colors visual information about anything
what is the main function of the cerebellum
coordination of voluntary movements
regulates equilibrium and muscle tone
what is the main function of the brain stem
contains ascending and descending tracts
cranial nerves
site for cardiovascular and respiratory centers
vomiting, swallowing, sneezing, coughing
what is the longitudinal fissure
separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
what is the transverse fissure
separates the cerebrum from cerebellum
what is the lateral fissure
separates the frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe
what is the cerebral cortex
a region of gray matter that forms the outer rim of the cerebrum
what is the difference in gray and white matter
gray matter is cell bodies
white matter contains axons
what is the corpus callosum
largest white mater tract
200-250 million projects
interconnects the two cerebral hemispheres
what is the parieto-occipital sulcus
separates the occipital lobes from the parietal and temporal lobes
what is the calcarine sulcus
separates the visual cortex into 2 parts
what is obsessive compulsive disorder
cingulate gyrus is implicated
limbic system- emotion, long term memory, olfaction, behavior modification and ANS
what movement is precentral gyrus responsible for
voluntary movements of skeletal muscle
what movement is the postcentral gyrus responsible for
main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch
what artery supplies the pre and postcentral gyrus closest to the longitudinal fissure
anterior cerebral a
what artery supplies the pre and postcentral gyrus farther from the longitudinal fissure
middle cerebral a
what is in the brain stem
medulla, midbrain, pons
