Thoracic Cavity, Pleural Cavity, & Lungs

Question 1

Ribs 1-7, bone to cartilage to sternum

Answer 1

Vertebrocostal (true) ribs

Question 2

Ribs 8-10, bone to cartilage to cartilage to sternum

Answer 2

Vertebrochondral (false) ribs

Question 3

Ribs 11&12, bone only

Answer 3

Vertebral (free) ribs

Question 4

What is osteocartilaginous Thoracic cage formed from?

Answer 4

Cartilage and Bone

Question 5

Describe typical ribs.

Answer 5

Ribs 3-9, have head, neck, tubercle, and shaft w/ costal angle of anterior and medial bend

Question 6

Which are atypical ribs?

Answer 6

Ribs 1, 2, & 10-12

Question 7

Describe rib 1.

Answer 7

broad and short, attaches to scalene muscles of neck

Question 8

Describe rib 2.

Answer 8

Thinner and longer

Question 9

Describe ribs 10-12.

Answer 9

Ribs w/ only one facet

Question 10

What is special about rib 11 & 12?

Answer 10

Have no necks or tubercles

Question 11

What aligns with the thoracic vertebrae from the ribs?

Answer 11

superior and inferior demifacets (one on transverse process and other on spinous process)

Question 12

What are parts of sternum?

Answer 12

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Question 13

What is the Superior Thoracic Aperature?

Answer 13

1st thoracic vertebra, 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilages, superior border of manubrium (enter/leave head or neck into body)

Question 14

What is the Inferior Thoracic Aperature?

Answer 14

12th thoracic vertebra, 11th and 12th pair of ribs, costal cartilages of ribs 7-10, xiphisternal joint

Question 15

What are the joints of the head of the ribs?

Answer 15

costovertebral joints

Question 16

What is purpose of radiate ligament?

Answer 16

Allows limited movement of articular capsule

Question 17

Costotransverse joints.

Answer 17

Tubercle of rib aligning with transverse costal facet, stabilized by costotranverse ligament, superior and lateral costotransverse ligaments.

Question 18

Costochondral Joints

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilaginous joints allowing no movement of ribs

Question 19

Interchondral Joints

Answer 19

Plane synovial joints allowing a little movement of ribs

Question 20

Sternocostal Joints

Answer 20

Primarily cartilaginous joints with little movement allowed, mostly synovial??

Question 21

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 21

Attachments: C7-T3 spinous processes, Ribs 2-4

Innervation: 2nd to 5th intercostal nerves

Action: Inc AP diameter of thorax; proprioception

Question 22

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 22

Attachments: T11-L2 spinous process, Ribs 8-12

Innervation: T9-T12 anterior rami

Action: Depresses inferior ribs; proprioception

Question 23

Levatores Costarum

Answer 23

Attachments: Transverse processes T1-T11, Ribs aligning with T1-T11

Innervation: Posterior Primary Rami C8-T11

Actions: Elevate ribs

Question 24

External Intercostal Muscle

Answer 24

Attachments: Inferior border of ribs, Superior border of adjacent rib

Innervation: intercostal nerve

Action: Elevate rib during forced inspiration

Question 25

Internal Intercostal Muscle

Answer 25

Attachments: Inferior border of ribs, Superior border of adjacent rib Innervation: intercostal nerve Action: Depress ribs during forced expiration (interosseous part), Elevate ribs during forced inspiration (interchondral part)

Question 26

Function of pleural cavity

Answer 26

Prevent recoil of lungs

Question 27

What does surface tension of cavity do?

Answer 27

Allows expansion of lungs w/ diaphragm retraction

Question 28

During inspiration...

Answer 28

diameter increases and air pressure in lungs decreases

Question 29

During expiration...

Answer 29

diameter decreases and air pressure in lungs increases

Question 30

Pneumothorax

Answer 30

penetrating wound and rupture of visceral pleura

Question 31

Hydrothorax/hemothorax

Answer 31

pulmonary edema (increased capillary pressure due to cardiac failure)

Question 32

Midclavicular line

Answer 32

6th rib: inferior lung 8th rib: partietal pleura

Question 33

Midaxillary line

Answer 33

8th rib: inferior lung 10th rib: parietal pleura

Question 34

Midscapular line

Answer 34

10th rib: inferior lung 12th rib: parietal pleura

Question 35

Pulmonary artery and veins

Answer 35

circulation pattern between right and left sides of heart right side of heart supply deoxygenated blood

Question 36

Bronchial artery and veins

Answer 36

circulation pattern to lung tissue aorta supply oxygenated blood

Question 37

Lung Compliance

Answer 37

change in volume & change in pressure

Question 38

Importance of surface tension?

Answer 38

Needed in pleural cavity to counteract elasticity/recoil of lungs

Question 39

Tidal Volume

Answer 39

volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath 500 mL in healthy adult

Question 40

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 40

additional volume of air inhaled beyond tidal volume 2500-2500 mL in healthy adult

Question 41

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 41

additional volume of air exhaled beyond tidal volume 1000 mL in healthy adult

Question 42

Residual Volume

Answer 42

amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful respiratory effort 500-1000 mL in healthy adult

Question 43

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 43

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 44

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 44

expiratory reserve + residual volumes

Question 45

Vital Capacity

Answer 45

inspiratory reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 46

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 46

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Question 47

O2 partial pressure

Answer 47

alveolus - 105 mmHg capillary - 40 mmHg

Question 48

CO2 partial pressure

Answer 48

alveolus - 40 mmHg capillary - 45 mmHg

Question 49

Parasympathetic Division of Lungs

Answer 49

vagus nerves bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, secretomotor

Question 50

Sympathetic Division of Lungs

Answer 50

paravertebral ganglia bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, inhibition to secretory glands

Question 51

Job of bronchial veins?

Answer 51

drain a portion of the blood supplied to lungs by bronchial arteries

Question 52

Factors affecting respiration

Answer 52

Pressure of lungs Thickness of respiratory membrane Surface area of respiratory membrane

Question 53

Bronchopulmonary Segmentation

Answer 53

Left lung: 5 inferior & 5 superior Right lung: 5 inferior, 2 middle, & 3 superior