Pelvic Viscera & Perineum

Question 1

Ureters

Answer 1

Muscular tube
Lie in abdomen and pelvis
Referred pain to groin

Question 2

Urinary Bladder

Answer 2

Reservoir for urine
Lies in lesser pelvis

Question 3

Parts of Urinary Bladder

Answer 3

Apex
Body
Fundus
Neck
UVula

Question 4

Innervation of Urinary Bladder

Answer 4

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves
Visceral Afferent fibers
Sympathetic Nerves

Question 5

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Answer 5

Parasympathetic
Motor to sigmoid colon and inhibitor to sphincter

Question 6

Visceral Afferent fibers

Answer 6

Stimulated by stretching
Reflex voiding (can inhibit pee)

Question 7

Sympathetic Nerves

Answer 7

Motor to sphincter
Prevents semen from entering bladder during ejaculation

Question 8

Male Urethra

Answer 8

Preprostatic urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

Question 9

Internal Urethra Sphincter

Answer 9

Autonomic Smooth Muscle
Parasympathetic stimulation causes relaxation
Sympathetic stimulation causes contraction

Question 10

External Urethra Sphincter

Answer 10

Voluntary Control
True sphincter in males
Urogenital sphincter in females
Innervated by deep perineal nerve

Question 11

Parts of Rectum

Answer 11

Sacral flexure
Anorectal flexure
Ampulla
Anal canal
Pudenal Nerve

Question 12

Abdominopelvic Nerves

Answer 12

Preganglionic Sympathetic Fibers
Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers
Sympathetic Visceral Afferent Fibers

Question 13

Preganglionic Sympathetic Fibers

Answer 13

Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves
Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves

Question 14

Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers

Answer 14

Ganglia near major branches of abdominal aorta
Celiac, superior mesenteric

Question 15

Sympathetic Visceral Afferent Fibers

Answer 15

Pain

Question 16

Vagus Nerve

Answer 16

Preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers
Parasympathetic afferent fibers - reflex function
Myenteric plexus (postganglionic neurons in wall of stomach & intestine)

Question 17

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Answer 17

Preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers from S2-S4 ventral rami

Question 18

Urination

Answer 18

Voluntary Control
Parasympathetic Reflex - pelvic splanchnic
Visceral afferent = sensory input to stretch bladder
Motor output cause contraction of detrussor muscle & relaxation of Internal urethral sphincter

Question 19

Defecation

Answer 19

Parasympathetic Reflex - pelvic splanchnic
Visceral afferent = sensory input distal to middle 1/3 of sigmoid colon
Motor output cause contraction of sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 20

Male Internal Genital Organs

Answer 20

Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

Question 21

Female Internal Genital Organs

Answer 21

Vagina
Uterus
Uterine Tube
Ovaries

Question 22

Erection

Answer 22

Erectile tissues in superficial pernieal pouch fill with blood
Parasympathetic response

Question 23

Ejaculation

Answer 23

Contraction of smooth muscle
Closure of internal male urethral sphincter
Sympathetic response

Question 24

Pudendal Nerve Entrapment

Answer 24

Weakness of muscle in perineum
Sensory loss to urogenital triangle
Ex: getting pinched from sitting on bicycle too long

Question 25

Anal Triangle

Answer 25

Posterior Perineum Ischioanal fossae (pudendal canal) Anal canal (sphincters)

Question 26

Urogenital Triangle

Answer 26

Anterior Perineum Deep perineal space Levator ani muscle = floor Perineal membrane Superficial perineal space

Question 27

Ovulation

Answer 27

Regulated by pituitary hormone Can occur in person with injury or disease to pelvic nerves

Question 28

Perineum Boundaries

Answer 28

Pubic Symphysis Inferior pubic rami and ischial rami Ischial tuberostities Sacrotuberous ligaments Coccyx

Question 29

Ligaments of Female Organs

Answer 29

Round ligament of uterus Broad ligament of uterus Transverse cervical ligaments Uterosacral ligaments Ligament of the ovary