Hip & Proximal Lower Limb Flashcards
Superficial Fascia
Adipose tissue
Deep Fascia
Dense fibrous connective tissue
2 types:
Fascia Lata
Crural Fascia
Iliotibial Tract
Thickening of deep fascia laterally and used as attachment point for muscles
Superficial Veins
Great Saphenous vein
Accessory Saphenous vein
Lateral and Anterior Cutaneous veins
Small Saphenous vein
Great Saphenous & bypass
Occasionally harvest the vein and cut part of it to be used in the heart and as a vessel for blood flow
Deep Veins
Venae comitantes
2 small veins “accompanying” arteries
Posteriral tibular artery & femoral artery
Pulmonary Embolism
If clot breaks off from deep vein thrombosis, it can travel up to right side of heart and still pass thru due to veins diameter increase, once it reaches pulmonary circulation, it will get stuck and could lead to death if big enough blockage
Inguinal Region
L1
Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric
Medial Thigh
L2
Femoral
Medial Knee
L3
Femoral
Medial Malleolus
L4
Femoral (Saphenous)
Lateral Leg
L5
Sciatic (common fibular)
Lateral Foot
S1
Sciatic (common fibular)
Sacral Sparing
Spinal/lower limb injury test to see if paralyzed or sensation of the limb, typically done in ER, look for “saddle” sensation, can feel prick in the lower limb showing sensation and not paralyzed, look for swelling & impairments
Boundaries of Femoral Triangle
Inguinal ligament
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Femoral Sheath
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral Canal (ring)
Floor of Femoral Triangle
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Contents of Femoral Triangle
Femoral nerve
Femoral sheath
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Anterior Thigh Muscles
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris
Pectineus
Attachments: superior ramus of pubis, pectineal line of the femure
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)
Actions: Adduct/flex thigh; medial rotation of thigh
Sartorius
Attachments: ASIS, superior part of medial condyle of femur
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)
Actions: “tailor sitting” muscle; flex, abduct, externally rotate thigh; flex knee
4 Heads of Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Rectus Femoris
Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, AIIS
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)
Action: Extend leg at knee joint; flex thigh at hip joint
Vastus Lateralis
Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)
Action: Extend leg at knee joint
Vastus Medialis
Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, intertrohcanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)
Action: Extend leg at knee joint
Vastus Intermedius
Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)
Action: Extend leg at knee joint
Medial Thigh Muscles
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
Adductor Longus
Attachments: body of pubis, middle 1/3 of linea aspera
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3)
Actions: adduct thigh
Adductor Brevis
Attachments: body of inferior ramus of pubis, pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3)
Actions: adduct and weakly flex thigh
Adductor Magnus
Attachments: inferior ramus of pubis and ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, adductor tubercle
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3)
Actions: adduct and flex/extend thigh
(depends on leg position)
Gracilis
Attachments: Body and inferior ramus of pubis, superior part of medial surface of tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2)
Actions: adduct thigh; medially rotate and flex leg
Obturator Externus
Attachments: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane, trochanteric fossa of femur
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: laterally rotate thigh
Nerve of Anterior Thigh
Femoral Nerve (branches into saphenous nerve)
Nerve of Medial Thigh
Obturator Nerve
(Anterior and Posterior Branch)
Anterior Obturator Branch
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Posterior Obturator Branch
Adductor magnus
Arteries of the Thigh
Femoral Artery (1 major artery)
Obturator Artery
Deep Artery of Thigh
Circumflex Femoral Arteries
Boundaries of Adductor Canal
Anteriorly and laterally by vastus medialis
Posteriorly by adductors longus and magnus
Medially by sartorius
Contents of Adductor Canal
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Nerve to Vastus Medialis
