Thoracic Cage Session 2 Flashcards
what 2 structures are in between adjacent ribs
1 external and 1 internal intercostal muscle
what does the rib articulate with and what connects these (answer) together
costal cartilage
anterior intercostal membrane
what is the direction of external intercostal msucles
down and in (same as external oblique)
what is the direction of the internal intercostal muscles and what is their degree compared to the external intercostals
up and out
90 degrees to the external intercostals
where do the intercostal nerves run compared to rib and the internal intercostal muscles
groove along inferior border of rib
deep to internal intercostal muscles
what is the path of the internal mammary artery in relation to the costal cartilages and the thoracic wall
run down posterior to costal cartilages on inside of the thoracic wall
what does the internal mammary artery supply (2)
thoracic wall and diaphragm
what is on either side of the PLEURA
pleural cavities
where is visceral pleura
on surface of lung
where is parietal pleura
on inside of chest wall
what two STRUCTURES is the pleural cavity between
lung and chest wall
what is found at the lung hilum (4)
1 pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
1 bronchus
what deposits do the lungs have on them
carbon
what is an impression on the lungs and on what side
cardiac impression/ notch= left side
where can hilar lymph nodes be found
how can hilar lymph nodes by identified in lung specimens and why do they have this appearance
in area where bronchus enters the lungs
usually black due to carbon deposits on surface
what artery supplies the walls of the bronchioles
Bronchial arteries
what is the diaphragmatic surface of heart
inferior surface (back of heart)
what is the costal surface of the heart
anterior surface
what is the mediastinal surface of lung
showing hilum of lung
where is the cervical pleura
apex of lungs
where is the mediastinal pleura
whole mediastinal surface of lungs
where is the diaphragmatic pleura
covering diaphragmic surface of lungs
where is the costal pleura
covers costal surface/ anterior of lungs
where is the costo-diaphragmatic recess and costomediastinal recesses
between the junction of costal and diaphragmatic pleura
between the junction of costal and mediastinal pleura
what shape is the diaphragm and where does it extend to in the thoracic cage
dome-shaped, extends almost halfway up into thoracic cage
what r the components of the diaphragm (2)
non-contracting central tendon
peripheral muscle fibres
what is the motor and sensory supply of the diaphragm and what r its spinal nerve origins
phrenic nerve
C 3, 4, 5
what does the contraction of the diaphragm do to the shape of the diaphragm and how does this change pressure in thoracic cavity
dome descends to become more flat
decreases pressure in thoracic cavity
what r the 2 effects of contraction of the diaphragm
- air drawn into lungs
2. blood drawn from IVC into right atrium
what is the main descent mechanism of breathing in an adult
diaphragmatic descent
what r V/Q scans of lung for
measure V/Q to see issues with PERFUSION
how is ventilation and perfusion measured in a V/Q scan
ventilation= radioactive gas breathed in perfucsion= radioactive substance attached to albumin and injected into blood
what is the apex of the lung superior to (2 structures)
above the clavicle and first rib
what does the medial border of the lung run along
right and left sternal edge
what r the 3 points of the lower extent of the lungs (describe with rib positioning)
anterioly= 6th rib
midaxillary line= 8th rib
posteriorly= 10th rib
what artery runs close to the left anterior descending
left internal mammary artery
why r intercostal muscles constantly contracted
to prevent being sucked in/ blown out during inspiration/ expiration
