Internal pharynx and larynx Session 8 Flashcards
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtqpyzS48zA
what r the surface landmarks of the larynx
- hyoid bone
- thyroid notch
- thyroid prominence of thyroid cartilage
what is inferior to the cricoid cartilage
cartilaginous rings of trachea
where r the cricothyroid muscles found
pass in between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
what is the laryngeal inlet
opening that connects the pharynx to larynx
what is the piriform fossa and where is it located
deep depression in posterior hypopharynx on either side of the laryngeal opening
lateral to the posterior margins of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
what is the valleculae and its location
small mucosa lined depression
between base of tongue and the epiglottis
significance of tumours in piriform fossa
malignant tumours r silent until they fill up the fossa- at this point they r already advanced
what is the carina and what does it bifurcate into
bifurcation of the trachea into the left and right main bronchus
what is the function of the cricothyroid muscles
alter length and tension of vocal cords by tilting the thyroid cartilage forward on the cricoid cartilage
what marks the laryngeal inlet
aryepiglottic folds
what is the synovial joint in the larynx formed by
inferior horn of thyroid cartilage with cricoid cartilage
what does the cricoid cartilage surround and what significant structure does it contain (involved in speech). What is the tissue of this structure
ring of hyaline cartilage surrounding tracea
strong connective tissue= voice box
what cartilage is the thyroid cartilage, where is it located and what is its structure
hyaline cartilage
anterior to larynx and superior to thyroid gland
two halves that meet at a middle peak= thyroid prominence
cricoid cartilage vs thyroid cartilage location (1) and differences (2)
thyroid= superior to cricoid cartilage thyroid= open at back, circoid= complete ring thryoid= larger
what does the soft palate divide and what is it made of
divides oro and naso pharynx posteriorly
made of muscle fibres covered by a mucous membrane
what is the uvula
central process that hangs from midline of soft palate
what r the two vocal cords alternative names and what separates them
false vocal cord= superior vestibular fold
true vocal cord= inferior vestibular fold
laryngeal sinus
what is the space between the two vocal folds and its function
rima glottidis
can be closed/ varied in shape to produce different speech sounds
what do the vestibular folds contain?
mucous glands
what r the vocal cords formed of
vocalis muscle surrounded by connective tissue
significance of the superior laryngeal nerve in the larynx (hint reflex)
is the afferent nerve of cough reflex
where can the recurrent laryngeal nerves be found
in the groove between trachea and oesophagus
what nerve innervates the muscles of the larynx and what is the exception
recurrent laryngeal nerve
cricothyoid= external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
location of submandibular gland and on what bone
sits on floor of mouth
ramus of mandible
what gland is related closely to an artery
posterior surface of submandibular= facial artery
duct of submandibular gland path
gland passes deep to mylohyoid muscle then gives off duct that opens into floor of mouth under tongue
location of parotid gland
anterior to pinna
superficial to mandible
location relation of parotid and submandibular glands
parotid= posterior to submandibular
relation between CN 7 and parotid gland
CN 7 enters the back of the gland and divides into 5 branches in the gland
parotid gland duct path
passes over masseter muscle
enters the oral cavity adjacent to upper second molar as a papilla
explain a tracheostomy
way to restore airflow when there is airway obstruction
hole made in cricothyoid membrane
clinical relevance of CN 7 and parotid gland
cancer of parotid gland can damage CN 7 and cause facial paralysis
