Bony Pelvis, Pelvic Floor and Perineum Session 26

Question 1

where does the inguinal ligament run to and from

Answer 1

ASIS to pubic TUBERCLE

Question 2

mid inguinal point and what is palpable here

Answer 2

mid point form ASAS to pubic SYMPHYSIS

femoral artery

Question 3

male vs female pelves (3)

Answer 3

1. wider circular pelvic inlet for females, narrower for males
2. obtuse angle by inferior pubic rami in females, acute in males
3. shorter less anterior sacrum in females than males

Question 4

key branches of internal illiac artery (5)

Answer 4

vesical: bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles in males
uterine/ vaginal: females
middle rectal: rectum
internal pudendal: perineum
sup/ info gluteal: gluteus muscles

Question 5

what drains the pelvic organs

Answer 5

several venous plexuses that unit and drain into internal iliac vein

Question 6

key nerves from sacral plexus and spinal roots (4)

Answer 6

sciatic L4-S3
pudendal S2-S4
sup/ inf gluteal L4-S2
pelvic splachnic S2-S4

Question 7

where r sympathetic fibres that innervate the pelvic viscera derived from

Answer 7

lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 8

2 muscles that make up the pelvic floor

Answer 8

levator ani and coccygeus

Question 9

what is the pelvic floor

Answer 9

muscles that support the pelvic organs from below

Question 10

functions of pelvic floor muscles

Answer 10

prevent herniation out of pelvis
control sphincter action for urethra and rectum
increase intra-abdominal pressure

Question 11

what is the levator ani made up of (3)

Answer 11

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Question 12

nerve supply to levator ani and spinal roots (2)

Answer 12

nerve to levator ani S4 and pudendal nerve S2-4

Question 13

where is the perineum located in relation to pelvic floor, thighs and pubic symphysis

Answer 13

superficial and inferior to pelvic floor
between pubic symphysis and coccyx
between medial surfaces of thigh

Question 14

arterial supply to perineum

nervous supply to perineum

Answer 14

internal pudendal

pudendal nerve

Question 15

what r the two parts of the perineum and their relation to each other
what separates them

Answer 15

anal triangle posterior
urogential triangle anterior
line between ischial tuberosities

Question 16

what is the content of anal triangle (2)

Answer 16

opening of anus and external anal sphincter

Question 17

layer of urogenital triangle (5)

Answer 17

skin
perineal fascia
superficial perineal pouch
perineal membrane
deep perineal pouch

Question 18

perineal fascia

Answer 18

continuation of fascia from abdominal wall muscles

Question 19

superficial perineal puch

Answer 19

erectile tissues and ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 20

perineal membrane

Answer 20

holes for urethra and vagina

strong fibrous membrane that supports attachment of ischiocavernosis and bulbospongiosus

Question 21

what r the muscles of the pelvic floor attached to perineal body

Answer 21

levator ani
external anal sphincter
external urethral sphincter
superficial and deep trasnverse perineal muscles
bulbospongiosus

Question 22

where is the perineal body

Answer 22

membrane and muscle between the two triangles of perineum

Question 23

what does the crura of the corpora cavernosa refer to

Answer 23

attachment to ischial ramus

Question 24

what is the bulb of the penis

Answer 24

part of corpus spongiosum on the perineal membrane

Question 25

what happens to the corpus spongiosum in females and what can these be referred to as

Answer 25

splits to flank the vaginal opening

bulb of vestibules/ clitoris

Question 26

what covers the corpora cavernosa

Answer 26

ischiocavernosus muscle

Question 27

what covers the corpus spongiosum

Answer 27

bulbospongiosus muscle

Question 28

function of bulbospongiosus in males (2)

Answer 28

maintains erection by compressing veins

contract to squeeze out remaining urine/ semen from urethra

Question 29

function of bulbospongiosus in females (2)

Answer 29

maintains clitoral erection

constricts around vaginal origice= expression of fluid from greater vestibular glands

Question 30

function of ishciocavernosis in males and females

Answer 30

stabilises erect clitoris and erect penis

Question 31

what is the muscle that runs along the border of the two perineal triangles and which pouch is this in

Answer 31

superficial transverse perineal muscle

superficial perineal pouch