Pelvic Organs and Female External Genitalia Session 27 Flashcards
what is the uterus
hollow muscular organ
what does the uterus communicate with
laterally uterine tubes
inferiorly vagina
what r the divisions of the uterus
fundus, body and cervix
what is anteflexed
position of the body of uterus
bent forward on the superior surface of the bladder
what is anterverted
position of junction between body and cervix
tilted forwards
what r the three layers of the wall of the uterus and what is their function
endometrium- uterine lining for implantation of blastocyte
myometrium- middle muscle layer
perimetrium- outer lining of peritoneum
where is the pouch of douglas adn what is it lined by
why is it important
behind uterus in front of rectum
lined by peritoneum
deepest part of peritoneal cavity
arterial supply of uterus and this arterys origin
uterine artery from internal iliac from common iliac from abdominal aorta
what is the internal os and external os
internal os: communication of cervix and uterine cavity
external os: communication of cervix and vagina
what is teh ectocervix
portion of cervix projecting into teh vagina
what is the cervical canal
narrow lumen between two os
what is the cervix’s position stabilised by (2)
levator ani and ligments
what r vaginal fornices and how many r there
gap between edge of bottom of cervix and vagina
3- ant, pos and lateral
blood supply of cervix
uterine artery
where does the fallopian tube run
upper edge broad ligament
divisions of fallopian tube (4) and description
fimbrae: finger like projections, capture ovum from ovary
infundibulum: funnel shaped
ampulla: dilated, widest section, fertilisation here
isthmus: narrow section
function of fallopian tubes
carry ova from ovary to uterine cavity
blood supply of fallopian tubes
from ovarian and uterin artery
is the position of ovary fixed. where is it usually found
no
between internal and external iliac arteries
arterial supply of ovary and origin
ovarian artery from abd aorta
what holds the ovary in place
attached to posterior aspect of broad ligament by suspensory ligament of ovary (mesovarium)
what is the function of vagina (2)
female organ of sexual intercourse
excretory duct of uterus
what r the organs posterior (3) and anterior (2) to the vagina
anterior: bladder, urethra
posterior: pouch of douglas, rectum and anal canal
arterial supply of vagina and origin of this
vaginal artery from internal iliac from common iliac from and aorta
what structure does the vagina pass through and how does that split it up
pelvic floor
upper 2/3= in pelvic cavity
lower 1/3 in perineum
what is the vulva
female external genitalia
arterial supply of vulva and origin
internal pudendal, internal iliac
innervation of erectile tissue
parasympathetic
sympathetic innervation of vulva (4)
ilioinguinal
genital branch of GF
pudendal
posterior cutaneous of thigh
what is the mons pubis and what does it cause
mound of fatty tissue in front of pubic symphysis
causes elevation of hair bearing skin
what is the labia majora and where does it join
hair bearing folds of skin
at mons pubis superiorly
what is the clitoris, what is it made of and what happens to it during sexual arousal
sensitive tissue, corpora cavernosa adn corpus spongiosum
engorged during sexual arousal
what is the vestibule and what 3 things does it contain
area between the labia majora
vaginal opening, urinary meatus and vestibualr glands
what is the urinary meatus and what two structures is in between (female)
opening of urethra
clitorus and vagina
what is the peritoneal classification of the bladder
infraperitoneal
arterial amd venous supply of bladder and origin of this
vesical artery/ vein, internal illiac artery/ vein
how much urine can the bladder hold
500ml in adult
where is the bladder in relation to the peritoneum
below peritoneum
what is the trigone and where is it
smooth-walled triangular area posterior aspect of bladder
what is a rudimentry valve formed by and why is this needed
ureters entering trigone at an angle
reduces reflux of urine when bladder is full
what is the function of the rugae in the bladder
for expansion
what is the detrusor msucle and where is it and what does it do
specialsied smooth muscle in wall of bladder, contracts to forcibly expel urien
tell me about IUS (where, muscle, control)
at base of bladder, opens into urethra
smooth muscle
involuntary
tell me about EUS (where m/f, muscle, control)
males- after prostate, female= after deep perineal pouch
skeletal
voluntary
somatic motor innervation (what and nerves)
EUS
pudendal S2-4
sympathetic innervation (what and nerves)
hypogastric T12-L2
relaxes detrusor, contracts IUS (urine storage)
parasympathetic innervation (what and nerves)
contracts detrusor and relaxes IUS= micturition
pelvic splachnic S2-4
explain the bladder stretch reflex arc
stretch of bladder wall= visceral afferent fibres to sacral plexus
synapse directly onto motor neurones
parasympathetic efferent for contraction
spinal cord injury above sacral level 2 impacts and overall effect
- ascending pathway interrupted (not aware of bladder stretch)
- descneding pathway interrupted (EUS permanently relaxed)
= bladder empties as it fills
spinal cord injury at/below sacral plexus
afferent fibres cannot synpase with parasympathetic
relfex arc doesn’t work= bladder fills with urine constantly and IUS is permanently contracted
2 flexures of rectum and direction of curve
sacral flexure (ant) anorectal flexure (post)
function of rectum
storage of faeces
why sacral flexure
curves anteriorly to follow curvature of sacrum
why anorectal flexure
curves posteriorly
puborectalis muscle pulls on it
what is the anal canal in between
rectum and anus
location of anal canal
in anal triangle of perineum
what is the pectinate line and what does it mark
divides superior and inferior anal canal
transition of endoderm (hindgut) to ectoderm
compare arterial supply above and below the pectinate line
above= superior rectal arteries, inferior mesenteric below= middle + inf rectal arteries, internal iliac
compare venous drainage above and below the pectinate line
above= portal system to the liver below= to IVC, skips liver
compare histology above and below the pectinate line
above= columnar below= stratified squamous
compare nervous supply above and below the pectinate line
above= inferior hypogastric plexus (para and symp) below= pudendal (somatic motor)
what encircles above and below pectinate line
above= internal anal sphincter below= external anal sphincter
