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Anatomy > Palm of hand Session 29 > Flashcards

Palm of hand Session 29 Flashcards

1
Q

what r the two surfaces of the hand

A

palmar and dorsal

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2
Q

when is a scaphoid usually fractured

A

when falling on an outstretched hand

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3
Q

what bones lie in between the carpals and phalanges and how r they named

A

metacarpals

1-5 starting with the thumb

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4
Q

what r the names of the parts of the phalanges in the thumb and fingers

A

fingers: proximal middle distal
thumb: proximal and distal

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5
Q

what r carpometacarpal joints in between

A

distal row carpal bones and metacarpals

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6
Q

what r metacarpophalangeal joints in between

A

between proximal phalanges and metacarpals

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7
Q

what r interphalangeal joints in between

A

the parts of the phalanges

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8
Q

compare interphalangeal joints in the fingers and in the thumb

A

fingers: 2 joints- proximal and distal
thumb: only one

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9
Q

what types of grip can the hand and digits perform

A

power grip
hook grip
precision grip

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10
Q

what r the movements of the fingers

A

flexsion
extension
abduction
adduction

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11
Q

what r the movements of the thumb

A 
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
opposition
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12
Q

where r the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the fingers and thumb

A

intrinsic: within the hand
extrinsic: lie in anterior and posterior forearm and their tendons travel into the hand

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13
Q

what 3 muscles in anterior forearm flex the digits and thumb

A

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus

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14
Q

what 5 muscles flex the wrist

A 
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
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15
Q

what is the action of the tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal interphalangeal joints of fingers

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16
Q

what is the insertion of the tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

splits into two slips and inserts either side of the middle phalynx

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17
Q

what is the action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint and the proximal interphalangeal joint as well as flexing the DISTAL interphalangeal joint (only muscles that can flex the DIP joints)

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18
Q

what is the insertion of the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

A

tendon passes through the split in the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon to insert onto the distal phalynx

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19
Q

where does the tendon of the flexor pollicus longus insert

A

distal phalanx of the thumb

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20
Q

what is the action of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes the interphalangeal joint of the thumb (only muscle able to do so)

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21
Q

what r flexor tendon sheaths

A

fibrous sheaths enclosed by a synovial sheath that enclose the long flexor tendons

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22
Q

what are the 2 functions of flexor tendon sheaths

A 
maintain position of flexor tendons in the midline of each finger
reduce friction (due to synovial sheath) so tendons can slide freely during movement
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23
Q

what is tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath

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24
Q

what is the function of the thick palmar aponeurosis

A

protects the long flexor tendons, tendon sheaths and vessels in the central palm

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25
Q

what r the four groups of intrinsic muscle and one single muscle

A 
thenar eminence
hypothener eminence
lumbricals
interossei
adductor pollicis
26
Q

what makes up the thenar eminence

A

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

27
Q

what is the action and insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexion

proximal phalanx

28
Q

what is the action and insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis

A 
abduction
proximal phalanx (lateral aspect)
29
Q

what is the action and insertion of the opponens pollicis brevis

A

1st metacarpal

opposition

30
Q

what innervates the thenar eminence

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

31
Q

what is the relation between the recurrent median and median nerve

A

recurrent branch of median leaves the median nerve after passing through the carpal tunnel

32
Q

where is the adductor pollicis and what is its movement and where is its attachment

A

deep in the palm
adduction
3rd metacarpal and proximal phalanx of the thumb

33
Q

what muscles make up the HYPOTHENAR eminence

A

flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
opponends digiti minimi

34
Q

what is the action and insertion of the opponents digiti minimi

A

opposition

5th metacarpal

35
Q

what is the action and insertion of the flexion digiti minimi

A

flexion

proximal phalanx

36
Q

what is the action and insertion of the abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction

proximal phalanx

37
Q

where do the 4 lumbrical muscles arise from

A

the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

38
Q

what do the 4 lumbricals travel along and what is their insertion

A

travel along the lateral aspect of the digits 2-5

insert onto the dorsal aspects of digits 2-5

39
Q

whata is the action of the lumbricals

A

flex the MCP joints and extend the interphalangeal joints AT THE SAME TIME

40
Q

what is the innervation of the lumricals

A 
lateral 2 (index middle) = median
medial 2 (ring pinky) = ulnar
41
Q

what bones are the interossei muscles located in between

A

between the metacarpals

42
Q

how many interossei r there

A

3 palmar and 4 dorsal

43
Q

what are the three actions of the interossei

A

palmar interossei addcut (PAD)
dorsal interossei abduct (DAB)
interossei help extension of the fingers at the interphalangeal joints

44
Q

does the radial nerve supply any muscles in the hand

A

no (only median and ulna)

45
Q

what 6 structures travel superficial (over) the dlexor retinaculum

A

tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis and palmaris longus
radial artery
ulnar artery and ulnar nerve

46
Q

what part of the skin of the hand does the median nerve innervate

A 
palmar surface (only lateral 3.5 digits)
dorsal skin of distal phalanges of the lateral 3.5 digits
47
Q

what part of the skin of the hand does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

the medial 1.5 digits on the palmar and dorsal aspect of the hand

48
Q

what part of the skin of the hand does the radial nerve innervate

A

dorsal surface of lateral 3.5 digits up to the distal interphalangeal joint (as the distal phalanx is innervated by the median nerve)

49
Q

what is the upper limb innervated by

A

brachial plexus and spinal nerves C5-T1

50
Q

what do the upper limb spinal nerves innervates (dermatomes)

A 
C5 upper lateral arm
C6 thumb and 1st digit
C7 middle finger
C8 medial part of hand
T1 medial border of elbow
51
Q

why do injuries to the median/ulnar nerve not impair sensation of palm of hand

A

cutaneous branches of medial and ulnar nerves that supply palm arise in the forearm

52
Q

what will injury to the median/ ulnar nerve at the wrist mean

A

sensory impairment on palmar aspect to supplied fingers

53
Q

what two arteries supply the hand and what r they a branch of

A

radial and ulnar

brachial

54
Q

what is the position of the radial and ulnar artery and cephalic and basilic vein

A

radial artery and cephalic vein r lateral

basilic vein and ulnar artery r medial

55
Q

what travels alongside the ulnar artery

A

ulnar nerve

56
Q

what two palmar arches r formed in the palm of the hand and what two arteries anastamose to form them

A

superficial and deep palmar arch

radial and ulnar artery

57
Q

what mostly supplies the superficial palmar arch

A

ulnar artery

58
Q

what mostly supplies the deep palmar arch

59
Q

what do the palmar arches give rise to and what do these supply

A

metacarpal and digital arteries (supply palm and digits)

60
Q

what is a problem with a scaphoid fracture and why is this important

A

blood supply from distal to proximal part
fracture interrupts blood supply so the proximal part dies
proximal part of scaphoid articulates with the radius

Anatomy (28 decks)

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