The anterior forearm and wrist Session 28

Question 1

what r the two bones of the forearm and what connects them

Answer 1

radius and ulna

interosseous membrane

Question 2

what two actions occur at the elbow joint

Answer 2

flexion and extension

Question 3

articulation between ulna and humerus

Answer 3

trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of humerus

Question 4

articulation between radius and humerus

Answer 4

radial head articulates with the capitellum of the humerus

Question 5

what is the radiocarpal joint formed in between

Answer 5

carpal bones and radius

Question 6

what actions occur at the wrist joint

Answer 6

flexion extension

abduction adduction

Question 7

where do the radius and ulna articulate with each other and what movement does this allow

Answer 7

at proximal and distal radioulnar joints

pronation

Question 8

name the carpal bones in order from S to T

Answer 8

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pissiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, traqezium

Question 9

what is general arrangement of the carpal bones

Answer 9

proximal and distal row

Question 10

what three bones make up the radiocarpal joint

Answer 10

radius, scaphoid and lunate

Question 11

what is the mneumonic to remember the carpal bones

Answer 11

So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

Question 12

what is unique about the pissiform carpal bone

Answer 12

not a true carpal bone but a small bone that develops in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 13

what is the most commonly fractured carpal bone

Answer 13

scaphoid

Question 14

how many phalanges r in each finger and thumb

Answer 14

3 in each finger, 2 in each thumb

Question 15

what r the borders of the cubital fossa

Answer 15

brachioradialis laterally
pronator teres medially
base= line between medial and lateral epicondyles

Question 16

what 4 structures r found in the cubital fossa

Answer 16

biceps tendon
median nerve
brachial artery
superficial veins (cephalic and basilic)

Question 17

what does the brachial artery bifurcate into

Answer 17

radial and ulnar arteries

Question 18

what r the 4 muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm

Answer 18

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 19

what is the attachment of the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment

Answer 19

medial epicondyle

Question 20

what is the common flexor origin

Answer 20

the origin site of the superficial flexor muscles (anterior compartment) on the humerus

Question 21

what is the movement of pronator teres

Answer 21

pronator

Question 22

what is the movement of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 22

flexes and abducts the wrist

Question 23

what does the tendon of palmaris longus insert onto

Answer 23

palmar fascia of hand

Question 24

what is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 24

flexes and adducts wrist

Question 25

what is the motor innervation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm and what are the exceptions

Answer 25

all median except: | flexor carpus ulnaris and the medial hallf of flexor digitorum profundus which r innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 26

what is the one muscle of the anterior compartment in the middle layer and how many tendons does it give rise to

Answer 26

flexor digitorum superficialis | 4 tendons

Question 27

what r the three muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment

Answer 27

flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicus longus pronator quadratus

Question 28

how many tendons does flexor digitorum profundus give rise to

Answer 28

4 tendons

Question 29

what is the dual innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 29

lateral half- medial nerve (index and middle fingers) | medial half- ulnar nerve (ring and pinky fingers)

Question 30

what is the general movement of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 30

flexes the thumb

Question 31

attachment of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 31

palmar surface of distal phalynx of thumb

Question 32

what is the shape and position and movement of pronator quadratus

Answer 32

sqaure shaped lies over distal ends of radius and ulnar pronates distal radioulnar joint

Question 33

which 2 muscles r not flexors in the anterior compartment

Answer 33

pronator teres | pronator quadratus

Question 34

what is the flexor retinaculum and its two attachment pairs

Answer 34

fibrous band that is attached to the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and to the hook of the hamate and pissiform medially

Question 35

what forms the 4 borders of the carpal tunnel

Answer 35

floor and side= the carpal bones | roof= flexor retinaculum

Question 36

what r the 10 structures running through the carpal tunnel

Answer 36

flexor digitorum superficialis (4) flexor digitorum profundus (4) flexor pollicis longus (1) median nerve

Question 37

what is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by

Answer 37

reduction in space in the carpal tunnel which increases pressure and compresses the median nerve

Question 38

symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 38

weakness of hand muscles supplied by median nerve | impaired sensation of skin over hand supplied by median nerve

Question 39

why is it important to recognise and treat carpal tunnel syndrome fast

Answer 39

if left untreated, the small muscles of the thumb may atrophy and cause permanent weakness

Question 40

what artery bifurcates in the cubital fossa and what r the two branches

Answer 40

brachial- | radial and ulnar

Question 41

what r the two important superficial veins

Answer 41

cephalic and basilic

Question 42

what vein joins the two basilic and cephalic veins together and where does this happen

Answer 42

median cubital vein | cubital fossa

Question 43

what do the deep veins of the upper limb drain into

Answer 43

axillary vein

Question 44

what do the basilic and cephalic veins drain into

Answer 44

axillary vein

Question 45

what is the interosseous membrane

Answer 45

dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue between radius and ulnar

Question 46

what happens if there is damage to the ulnar nerve

Answer 46

impairs function and sensation of medial 1.5 digits

Question 47

what happens if there is damage to the median nerve

Answer 47

impairs the function of muscles of thumb and lack of sensations of hand where the median nerve supplies the skin

Question 48

what is a ganglion (clinical for wrist) and what does it contain

Answer 48

cystic swelling on the dorsum of wrist | they contain synovial fluid