The anterior forearm and wrist Session 28 Flashcards
what r the two bones of the forearm and what connects them
radius and ulna
interosseous membrane
what two actions occur at the elbow joint
flexion and extension
articulation between ulna and humerus
trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of humerus
articulation between radius and humerus
radial head articulates with the capitellum of the humerus
what is the radiocarpal joint formed in between
carpal bones and radius
what actions occur at the wrist joint
flexion extension
abduction adduction
where do the radius and ulna articulate with each other and what movement does this allow
at proximal and distal radioulnar joints
pronation
name the carpal bones in order from S to T
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pissiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, traqezium
what is general arrangement of the carpal bones
proximal and distal row
what three bones make up the radiocarpal joint
radius, scaphoid and lunate
what is the mneumonic to remember the carpal bones
So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
what is unique about the pissiform carpal bone
not a true carpal bone but a small bone that develops in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
what is the most commonly fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
how many phalanges r in each finger and thumb
3 in each finger, 2 in each thumb
what r the borders of the cubital fossa
brachioradialis laterally
pronator teres medially
base= line between medial and lateral epicondyles
what 4 structures r found in the cubital fossa
biceps tendon
median nerve
brachial artery
superficial veins (cephalic and basilic)
what does the brachial artery bifurcate into
radial and ulnar arteries
what r the 4 muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
what is the attachment of the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment
medial epicondyle
what is the common flexor origin
the origin site of the superficial flexor muscles (anterior compartment) on the humerus
what is the movement of pronator teres
pronator
what is the movement of flexor carpi radialis
flexes and abducts the wrist
what does the tendon of palmaris longus insert onto
palmar fascia of hand
what is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes and adducts wrist
what is the motor innervation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm and what are the exceptions
all median except:
flexor carpus ulnaris and the medial hallf of flexor digitorum profundus which r innervated by the ulnar nerve
what is the one muscle of the anterior compartment in the middle layer and how many tendons does it give rise to
flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons
what r the three muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
pronator quadratus
how many tendons does flexor digitorum profundus give rise to
4 tendons
what is the dual innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
lateral half- medial nerve (index and middle fingers)
medial half- ulnar nerve (ring and pinky fingers)
what is the general movement of flexor pollicis longus
flexes the thumb
attachment of flexor pollicis longus
palmar surface of distal phalynx of thumb
what is the shape and position and movement of pronator quadratus
sqaure shaped
lies over distal ends of radius and ulnar
pronates distal radioulnar joint
which 2 muscles r not flexors in the anterior compartment
pronator teres
pronator quadratus
what is the flexor retinaculum and its two attachment pairs
fibrous band that is attached to the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and to the hook of the hamate and pissiform medially
what forms the 4 borders of the carpal tunnel
floor and side= the carpal bones
roof= flexor retinaculum
what r the 10 structures running through the carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum superficialis (4)
flexor digitorum profundus (4)
flexor pollicis longus (1)
median nerve
what is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by
reduction in space in the carpal tunnel which increases pressure and compresses the median nerve
symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
weakness of hand muscles supplied by median nerve
impaired sensation of skin over hand supplied by median nerve
why is it important to recognise and treat carpal tunnel syndrome fast
if left untreated, the small muscles of the thumb may atrophy and cause permanent weakness
what artery bifurcates in the cubital fossa and what r the two branches
brachial-
radial and ulnar
what r the two important superficial veins
cephalic and basilic
what vein joins the two basilic and cephalic veins together and where does this happen
median cubital vein
cubital fossa
what do the deep veins of the upper limb drain into
axillary vein
what do the basilic and cephalic veins drain into
axillary vein
what is the interosseous membrane
dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue between radius and ulnar
what happens if there is damage to the ulnar nerve
impairs function and sensation of medial 1.5 digits
what happens if there is damage to the median nerve
impairs the function of muscles of thumb and lack of sensations of hand where the median nerve supplies the skin
what is a ganglion (clinical for wrist) and what does it contain
cystic swelling on the dorsum of wrist
they contain synovial fluid
