Thoracic and Lumbar Muscles

Question 1

O/I/A Internal Oblique

Answer 1

O: lateral 2/3rd of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3rd of iliac crest and thoracolumbar facia
I: Inferior border of lower 4 ribs (8-12)
A: Both sides flex, 1 side side flexes and rotates to SAME side

Question 2

O/I/A External Oblique

Answer 2

O: outer border of lower 8 ribs and costal cartilages (4-12)
I: lateral 2/3rd of iliac crest and joins other side of linea alba
A: both flex the spine, 1 side flexes to SAME side and rotates to OPPOSITE side

Question 3

O/I/A Rectus Abdominus

Answer 3

O: front of pubis and pubic crest
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
A: flexes trunk

Question 4

O/I/A Transverse Abdomen

Answer 4

O: lateral 1/3rd iguinal ligament, anterior 2/3rd iliac crest and lower 6 ribs (6-12)
I: Linea alba in midline
A: keeps abdominal tone for organs (deepest core muscle)

Question 5

O/I/A Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 5

O: ilio lumbar ligament, adjacent to iliac crest
I: medial 1/2 of 12th rib and TP’s of lumbar vertebrae L1-L4
A: Both- extend One- SAME side flexion Hip hike

Question 6

O/I/A Multifidus

Answer 6

O: Sacrum, PSIS, iliac crest
I: SP’s of vertebrae
A: extesnion, stabiliser

Question 7

O/I/A Psoas Major

Answer 7

O: TP’s and vertebral bodies of T12-L5
I: Inguinal ligament and lesser trochanter of femur
A: Flexion, trunk stabilisation

Question 8

O/I/A Psoas Minor

Answer 8

O: Lateral surface of T12 and L1
I: iliopubial (iliopectinal) eminence
A: flexion

Question 9

O/I/A Upper trapezius

Answer 9

O: external occpital protuberance, superior nuchal line and nuchal ligament
I: lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acrominion
A: stabilise and move the scapula, shoulder raise

Question 10

O/I/A Middle trapezius

Answer 10

O: SP’s of T1-T4
I: acromion, spine of scapula
A: abduct and retract the scapula

Question 11

O/I/A Lower trapezius

Answer 11

O: SP’s T4-T12
I: medial part of spine of scapula
A: depression

Question 12

O/I/A Serratus Anterior

Answer 12

O: supereolateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
I: medial border of scapula
A: protraction

Question 13

O/I/A Pectoralis major

Answer 13

O: medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
I: gretaer tubercle of huemrus
A: scapula protraction, arm adduction and internal rotation

Question 14

O/I/A Pectoralis minor

Answer 14

O: costal cartilages of ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process
A: scaupla protraction

Question 15

what is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 15

Faciliates breathing
Contraction increases the throacic volume- inhalation
Relaxation decreases the thoracic volume- exhalation

Question 16

what is the diaphragm?

Answer 16

a dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 17

what muscles facilitate breathing?

Answer 17

the diaphragm, internal inetrcostals and scalene

Question 18

how do internal intercostal muscles facilitate breathing?

Answer 18

they aid active exhalation as when they contract it causes depression of the rib cage which therefore causes a decrease in the thoracic cavity volume

Question 19

how do exetrnal intercostal muscles facilitate breathing?

Answer 19

they elevate the ribs during forced inspiration.
This increases the thoracic cavity volume and facilitates entry of air into the lungs.

Question 20

O/I/A of latissimus dorsi

Answer 20

O: SP’s of T7-T12, iliac crest and thoracolumbar facia
I: sulcus of humerus
A: assist in respiration by elevating and depressing the ribs
adducts and interanlly rotates the arm