CRP Mannual techniques Flashcards
What does ACBT do?
- loosens secretions
- improves ventilation in lungs
- improves effectiveness of cough
how does ACBT work?
- air gets behind the secretions by collateral ventilation
- the forced expiratory huffing at the end of ACBT move the EPP which helps to move secretions out of the airways
who is ACBT approved by
the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care
what is the equal pressure point?
the loaction within the airways where the pressure inside the airway = the pressure outside the airway
how does huffing influence the EPP?
huffing keeps the EPP in larger airways where it facilitates the movement of secretions by creating enough airflow to push the mucus upwards without causing airway collapse
what is the benefit of a long slow Huff?
it moves pheripherally situated secretions to central airways
what is the benefit of a short, powerful Huff?
it moves secretions in central airways to the mouth
what does Positive Expiratory Pressure involve ?
PEP involves breathing out against a slight resistance, which creates positive pressure in the airways
what are the benefits of PEP?
- it splints airways open which improves the surface area for O2 exchange, which improves oxygenation of blood
- decreases WOB: redcues the effort needed to re-inflate collapsed alveoli
- prevents collapse
- improves gas exchange
- improves collateral ventilation
- allows air to get behind mucus helping to dislodge and move it upwards to cough up
what are chest vibrations/shaking
rapid, small or large velocity vibratory forces through the chest wall on expiration.
who has approved chest vibartions?
it is an approved technique by Susan Berney on PubMed
what does optimising positioning increase?
- it increases FRC
-
what are the benefits of optimising position?
reduces pressure from the viscera against the diaphragm
reduces blood volume in the thoracic cavity (again reducing load on diaphragm)
why do we use end-inspiratory holds?
it helps to encourage air into poorly ventilated regions
*works via collateral ventilation
what is collateral ventillation?
a backup system of alveolar ventilation that can bypass the normal route of airflow when airways are restricted or obstructed
what is the purpose of a Sniff in ACBT?
- Aids collateral ventilation
- Suggested to help distribute surfactant
what are surfactants?
chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between 2 liquids, a liquid and a gas or a liquid and a solid.
what does decreased AE on auscultation indicate?
- volume loss
- muscus plug
what are the signs of sputum retention?
- harsh crackles
- decreased O2 saturation
- history or pneumonia or chest infection
- cloudy X-ray
name the 4 main respiratory problems
- Sputum retention
- Volume loss
- Increased WOB
- Reduced exercise tolerance
what are the pathways in collateral ventillation?
- Pores of Kohn
(between adjacent alveoli) - Channels of martin
(between bronchioles)
-Cannals of Lambert
(between bronchioles and alveoli)
