Neuro Anatomy Flashcards
What is a myotome?
A group of muscles that is innervated by a single spinal nerve root.
What is a dermatome?
An area of skin on the body that rely on specific nerve connections in the spine
Where are peripheral nerves found?
They are nerves that reside outside the spinal cord and brain
What is the function of peripheral nerves?
They relay information between your brain and the rest fo your body
What are the 2 main parts of the peripheral nervous system?
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
what plexus’ does the PNS contain?
lumbar plexus
Lumbosacral Plexus
what are cuatnaous nerves?
they are periphreal nerves that are responsible for only conveying sensory information from parts of the skin
What does the femoral nerve supply?
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Vastii
Sartorius
Pectineus
*Also supplies the cauntanoeus nerves:
* Intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh
* Medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh
* Saphenous nerve
Describe the corse of the femoral nerve
- Down through psoas major, between psoas and iliacus
- Behind inguinal ligament
- Lateral to femoral artery
- Divides into muscular and sensory branches
what happnes if the femoral nerve gets damaged?
Consequences of injury (motor/sensory and function)- loss of sensation. Weakened hip flexion and loss of knee extension.
what is the motor supply of the obturator nerve?
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Half of adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectineus
what is the cuanteous suplly of the obturator nerve?
medial thigh
Describe the course of the obturator nerve
- From medial border of psoas major
- Crosses the SI joint
- Below the superior ramus of pubis
- Divides into anterior and posterior branches
what does the superior gluteal nerve supply?
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor facia lata
what does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?
gluteus maximus
what does the sciatic nerve supply?
hamstrings
piriformis
adductor magnus
*does not have a cauntanoeus supply
what does the tibial nerve supply?
popliteus
gastrocnemius
soleus
FDL, FHL, Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
what does the medial plantar nerve supply?
medial intrinsic foot muscles
what does the lateral plantar nerve supply?
lateral intrinsic foot muscles
What are the 3 types or peroneal nerves?
Common peroneal nerve
Superficial peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal nerve
what does the common peroneal nerve supply?
short head of the biceps femoris
what does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
what does the deep peroneal nerve supply?
tibialis anetrior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum
what is the brachial plexus?
It is a network of nerves that suplly the hand and arm
It is formed by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves form C5-T1
what is the carpal tunnel?
a narrow passage way on the palmar side of the wrist
what is a clonus reflex?
an involuntary and rythmic muscle contraction
what is a reflex?
a response based on a somatic sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) function at a specific spinal cord level.
what is the pathway of decending neurones as they leave the brain?
from the brain, deceinding neurones travel in the spinal cord in the neural canal, to the edge of the intervertebral foramen, branch off in pairs at each spinal level as spinal nerve roots
how many spinal nerevs are there?
how are these divided?
31 pairs
- 8 cervical (all lie above vertebrae except C8 which lies belowe C7)
- 12 thoracic pairs of spial nerves (lie below the vertebra)
- 5 lumbar pairs of spinal nerevs (lies below the vertebra)
- the remaining spinal nerves take their number of vertebra that lies above them
what are spinal nerves and where are they found?
they are short nerves that lie within the intervertebral foramina of the vertebral column
they emerge from the spinal cord through oepenings between the vertebra within the interveretbral foramina
how are spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord?
each nerve is connected to the spinal cord via dorsal and ventral nerve roots which are components of the CNS
what are sensitising movements?
additional movemnets or postures introduced during neurodynamic tetsing to increase tension or stress on the Nervous System.
why are sensitising movements beneficial?
they help determine a cause;
it can help differentiate neural involvement from other causes of symptoms, such as other muscular or joint issues.
what are Desensitising movements?
additonal movemnet or postures introduced during neurodynamic testing to decerase tension or stress in the Nervous System.
These movements help relax/offload the nerves being tested
what are the benefits of desensitising movements?
it can confirm neural involvement;
if a test is positive then when you desensitise the postive test and symptoms disappear, it is confirmation that the nerve is the primary issue.
it can also provide pain releif for the patient
In general what is the point of doing sensitising and desensitisng movements?
therapists can obtain more precise information about the state of the patient’s nervous system, which aids in the development of an appropriate treatment plan.
name the different types of reflexes
Absent
Hypo-reflexic (dimished but present)
Average
Hyper-reflexic (exaggerated)
Clonus (repetitive shoreting of muscle after single stimulation)
where does the musculocutaneous nerve come from and what does it supply?
brachial plexus C5-C7
Supplies cocrobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis
what are the pulse points of the lower limb?
- external iliac artery
- femoral artery
-popliteal artery - anteiror tibial artery
-posterior tibial artery
-(dorsalis pedis)
where is the external artery found?
under the mid point of the inguinal ligament
where can the femoral artery be found?
it passes through the adductor magnus to the posterior knee
where is the dorsalis pedis artery found?
dorsal surface of foot
