Thoracic anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where do trabeculae carne lie?

A

Right and left ventricle

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2
Q

Where do the thebesian veins drain?

A

The drain into the atrium directly

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3
Q

What is contained in the middle mediastinum?(8)

A

Heart, tracheal bifurcation, Ascending aorta, Pulmonary trunk, Superior vena cava, cardiac plexus, phrenic nerves, the arch of the azygous system

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4
Q

What is contained in the anterior mediastinum?(2)

A

No major structures, the thymus may extend into the anterior mediastinum in children

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5
Q

What is contained in the posterior mediastinum?(5)

A

The descending aorta, the oesophagus, the thoracic duct, azygous system of veins, sympathetic trunks

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6
Q

What is contained in the superior mediastinum?(13)

A

Arch of the aorta, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian artery, Superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, left superior intercostal vein, azygous vein, Vagus R+L, Phrenic nerve Trachea, oesophagus, thoracic duct

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7
Q

What is the embryological origin of the pulmonary artery?

A

6th

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8
Q

What thoracic level does the left main bronchus lie at?

A

T6

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9
Q

What two main structures are found in the posterior groove of the heart?

A

The interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein

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10
Q

Which valves cause S1?

A

AV - mitral and tricuspid valves

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11
Q

Which valves cause S2?

A

Semilunar valves - pulmonary and aortic valves

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12
Q

What structures lie at the sternal angle?(6)

A

Aortic arch, bifurcation of the trachea, pulmonary trunk bifurcation, left recurrent laryngeal, azygos vein, thoracic duct

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13
Q

What thoracic level is the sternal angle at?

A

T4-5

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14
Q

Between which 2 thoracic vertebrae levels does the trachea lie?

A

C6 and T5

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15
Q

At which level does the thoracic duct cross to the left of the oesophagus?

A

the angle of Louis T4-5

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16
Q

Which embryological arch are the pulmonary vessels derived from?

A

6th

17
Q

When placing a chest drain which vessel is at the greatest risk?

A

The intercostal artery

18
Q

Where is the conus arteriosus found?

A

right ventricle

19
Q

Where are the muscle pectinate found?

A

The atria - most are found in the right atria

20
Q

What are the 4 collateral venous systems to the superior vena cava?

A

Azygous, internal mammary veins, Long thoracic veins x2

21
Q

Which embryological structure is is the inferior parathyroid derived from?

A

3rd pharyngeal arch

22
Q

Which pharyngeal arch is the staphes derived from?

A

2nd