Cancer Pathology

Question 1

What is the most common subtype of gastric cancer?

Answer 1

Adenocarcinoma

Question 2

How do you treat gastric cancer operatively?

Answer 2

1. proximal disease (5-10cm from OG) subtotal gastrectomy 2. <5cm from junction - total gastrectomy 3. junctional tumours - oesophogastrectomy – they need chemo pre/post and lyhpadenectomy to d2

Question 3

GIST tumour which cells?

Answer 3

Derrived from interstitial pacemaker cells of cajal

Question 4

Which drug is used in non resectable GIST tumours?

Answer 4

Imatinib

Question 5

What are signet ring cells seen in?

Answer 5

Poorly differentiated gastric cancer - they have increased risk of metastatic disease

Question 6

Which type of oesophageal cancer most common (western world)?

Answer 6

Adenocarcinoma

Question 7

What adjuvant therapy is given with oesophageal cancer?

Answer 7

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Question 8

What is a common complication post chemoradiotherapy in oesophagus?

Answer 8

stricture

Question 9

Most common bladder cancer?

Answer 9

TCC

Question 10

How do you treat T2 Bladder cancer?

Answer 10

Radical cystectomy and ill conduit

Question 11

What is a risk factor for SCC bladder cancer? (2)

Answer 11

Schistosomiasis and catheter

Question 12

What is the most common type of lung cancer?

Answer 12

Non small cell lung cancer (80%)

Question 13

What are the 3 types of non small cell lung cancer?

Answer 13

Squamous, Adenocarcinoma, large cell

Question 14

Prognosis and association of small cell lung cancer?

Answer 14

prognosis <1 year, smokers

Question 15

Which 3 cancer markers are elevated in Liver cancer?

Answer 15

Ca19-9, CEA, Ca125

Question 16

Where is klatskin tumour?

Answer 16

Hilar cholangiocarcionoma (where the hepatic bile ducts meet)

Question 17

What is jaw pain and parotid mass indicative of?

Answer 17

Perineural invasion - likely to be malignant

Question 18

What is the most common CNS paediatric tumour?

Answer 18

Astrocytomas

Question 19

Which cells are affected by mesothelioma?

Answer 19

Mesothelial cells of the pleura

Question 20

What are the 8 changes in breast cancer?

Answer 20

1. nuclear pleomorphism, 2. coarse chromatin, 3. angiogenesis 4. Invasion of basement membrane 5. Dystrophic calcification 6. Abnormal mitoses 7. vascular invasion 8. lymph mets

Question 21

Which area does pages disease spare?

Answer 21

areolar sparing

Question 22

Which disease is commonly associated with thick green nipple discharge?

Answer 22

Duct ectasia

Question 23

Which procedure is used to treat multiple duct pathology?

Answer 23

Hadfields procedure

Question 24

What is associated with MEN I

Answer 24

parathyroid adenoma, pituitary prolactinoma, Pancreas tumour

Question 25

What is commonly associated with MEN IIa

Answer 25

Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid cancer, Hyperparathyroidism

Question 26

What is associated with MEN IIb

Answer 26

Pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism, medullary thyroid cancer, Marfans

Question 27

What is the tumour marker for breast ca?

Answer 27

CA15-3

Question 28

What is AFP predominantly used for?

Answer 28

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 29

What is the genetic path of li-fraumeni syndrome

Answer 29

autosomal dominant

Question 30

What does Li-Fraumeni Syndrome lead to

Answer 30

sarcoma, cancers of the breast brain and adrenal glands

Question 31

What genetic path of Lynch syndrome / HNPCC

Answer 31

Autosomal dominant

Question 32

What does Lynch syndrome / HNPCC lead to

Answer 32

Colonic cancer and endometrial cancer (commonly right sided - often mutinous), gastric carcinoma, duodenal adenomas

Question 33

What is the genetic pathway of Gardners syndrome?

Answer 33

Autosomal dominant

Question 34

What does Gardners syndrome cause?

Answer 34

Multiple colonic polyps, extra colonic disease - skull osteotome/ thyroid cancer/ epidermoid cysts (FAP considered part of it )

Question 35

Carcinoid tumour <2cm can be...

Answer 35

discharged

Question 36

What do carcinoid tumours secrete?

Answer 36

Seretonin

Question 37

What do you measure to assess for carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 37

urinary 5 HIAA

Question 38

In which disease are reed Sternberg cells see?

Answer 38

hodgkin lymphoma

Question 39

What is the Paul Bunnell test used for?

Answer 39

EBV

Question 40

What type of disease is churg Strauss?

Answer 40

Vasculitis

Question 41

A defect in which cell causes osteoporosis?

Answer 41

osteoclasts

Question 42

What does exophytic mean?

Answer 42

The growth of a tumour outwards

Question 43

Which breast pathology is usually associated with microcalcifications?

Answer 43

comedo type ductal cell carcinoma in situ

Question 44

What feature in breast cancer defines "in situ" disease?

Answer 44

breast cancer yet to invade the basement membrane

Question 45

what genetic defect causes puetz jheggers syndrome?

Answer 45

STK11 mutation on chromosome 19

Question 46

What kind of tumour is seen with fibromatosis?

Answer 46

desmoid tumours

Question 47

Which malignancy is linked to EBV?

Answer 47

Burkitts lymphoma, Hodgkins lymphoma, post transplant lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 48

What cell makes up desmoid tumours?

Answer 48

myofibroblasts

Question 49

What is seen on colonoscopy in FAP?

Answer 49

Multiple colonic adenomas

Question 50

Which virus is a risk factor for development of anal cancer?

Answer 50

HPV 16/18

Question 50

Which virus is a risk factor for development of anal cancer?

Answer 50

HPV 16/18

Question 51

Which drugs can increase urinary 5-HIAA?

Answer 51

Naproxen, monoamine oxidise inhibitors