Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCS > Non-malignant pathology > Flashcards

Non-malignant pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of hashimotos thyroiditis?

A

hypothyroidism - weight gain, fatigue, constipation, depression, hair loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is seen histologically for hashimotos thyroiditis?

A

lymphocytic infiltrates and fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is seen immediately in the blood post splenectomy?

A

granulocytosis - WBC - neuts/ eosin/ basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is seen immediately in the blood in the first few days post splenectomy?

A

target cells, siderocytes, reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other blood cells seen in a splenectomy?

A

Howell- jolly bodies, pappenheimber bodies, target cells, Heinz bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is seen in peutz jeghers syndrome?

A

Hamartomous polyps, muccocutaneous hyperpigmentation (lips, face, palms, soles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the genetic pathway for peutz jeghers syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What gene mutation is seen in familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

APC gene mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What gene mutation is seen in Cowden disease?

A

PTEN gene mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is required for diagnosis of Kartageners syndrome?

A

Primarily immotile cilia combined with situs inverses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary TB - what is the lung and hilarious lymph nodes known as?

A

Ghon Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does secondary TB occur?

A

If a host becomes immunocompromised - an initial infection can reactivate - lungs are common site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What histology will be seen in a granuloma in a TB patient?

A

epithelial histiocytes, caseous necrosis in the centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of stain is used for TB?

A

Zeihl-Neelsen staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is TB?

A

T4 - stimulates specific T cell response of cell mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does amyloid look like under the microscope?

A

apple befringence with polarised light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Plummer Vinson syndrome?

A

oesophageal web associated with iron deficient anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you investigate dysphagia?

A

upper GI endoscopy, fluoroscopic swallow, ambulatory ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which symptoms makeup antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

-foetal loss, venous/ arterial thrombus/ thrombocytopenia - APTT prolonged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blood tests for antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, anti beta 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common causative organism for iliopsoas abscess

A

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which cell failures causes pernicious anaemia

A

lack of production of IF by the parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do you find dermoid cysts

A

at sites of embryonic developmental fusion

24
Q

What disease causes medial displacement of ureters?

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

25
Q

What is the genetic pathway of achondroplasia?

A

Autosomal dominant

26
Q

What is a curling ulcer?

A

peptic stress ulceration

27
Q

Which organism causes secondary infection in burns victims?

A

staph aureus

28
Q

Which cell is needed for healing of a burn?

A

keratinocytes (needed from skin grafts in full thickness burns)

29
Q

Which Ig is involved in T1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgE

30
Q

Give an example of T1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

asthma/ hay fever

31
Q

Give an example of a t2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

haemolytic anaemia/ autoimmune causes

32
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is aspergillosis ?

A

t3

33
Q

Which is the delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

t4

34
Q

Give an example of t4 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Graft vs host disease, contact dermatitis , granulomas

35
Q

How soon is an acute blood transfusion reaction seen?

A

24 hours

36
Q

How long after is a delayed transfusion reaction seen?

A

5-10 days afterwards

37
Q

What causes a transfusion associated lung injury?

A

neutrophilic mediated allergic pulmonary oedema

38
Q

What do you see in DIC?

A

prolonged pt, prolonged apt, prolonged bleeding time, low platelet count, fibrin degradation products raised

39
Q

Which factors effect APTT

A

8,9,11,12

40
Q

Which factors effect PT

A

2,7,9,10 - vit K dependent (think warfarin)

41
Q

How is platelet function measured ?

A

Bleeding time

42
Q

How is platelet function measured ?

A

Bleeding time

43
Q

What will a liver cell adenoma look like on USS ?

A

mixed echogenicity and heterogenous texture

44
Q

What is a hydatid cyst caused by ?

A

echinococcus infection - middle easter/ Mediterranean countries

45
Q

neurofibromatosis t1 what are the signs?

A

schwannoma, axillary freckling, lisch nodules, optic glioma, meningiomas, glioma and >6 cafe au last spots

46
Q

What is characteristic of neurofibromatosis T2?

A

bilateral acoustic neuromas and a FH of neurofibromatosis

47
Q

What are the signs of tuberous sclerosis?

A

depigmented ash leaf spots, rough skin on lumbar spine, adenoma sebaceoum, care au lait spots

48
Q

what is characteristic of dercums disease?

A

multiple lipomas

49
Q

What causes graft vs host disease?

A

lymphocytic proliferation

50
Q

What are the features of von hipple Lindau syndrome?

A

Cerebellar haemangiomas, retinal haemangionas, renal cysts, pheochromocytoma

51
Q

What is coagulative necrosis?

A

Most common type of necrosis, early stage - little change, later stages loss of intracellular detail

52
Q

What is colliquative necrosis?

A

in tissues with no supporting stroma seen in CNS

53
Q

What is Caseous necrosis?

A

No definable structure seen - amorphous eosinophilic tissue seen histologically

54
Q

What do dermoid cysts contain?

A

Multiple cell types, often hair is seen

55
Q

What disease are asteroid bodies found in histologically?

A

Sarcoid

56
Q

Which amino acid is present in all types of collagen?

A

Glycine

MRCS (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions