Physiology quick fire Flashcards
Vit A deficiency
Night blind, epithelial atrophy, infections
Vit B1 deficiency
Beriberi
Vit b2 deficiency
Dermatitis and photosensitivity
Vit B12 deficiency
Pernicious Anaemia
Vit C deficiency
Poor wound healing
Vit K deficiency
Clotting disorders
Where is Gastrin released
Gastric antrum
What does gastrin do?
Increase HCL, pepsinogen, IF
Where is CCK released
I cells in upper small intestine
What does CCK do?
Increases secretion of enzyme rich fluid from pancreas, gallbladder contraction, decreases gastric emptying
Where is Secreten released?
S-cells upper small intestine
What does secretin do?
Increases hco3 rich fluid from pancreas and hepatic duct decrease gastric acid
Where is VIP released
Small intestine/ pancreas
What does VIP do?
inhibits acid/ pepsinogen secretion
Where is somatostatin released
D-cells in pancreas and stomach
What does somatostatin do?
Decreases acid/ pepsinogen secretion/ decreases gastrin secretion/ degreases pancreas enzyme/ decreases insulin
Where is cortisol released
Zona Fasciculata
What does cortisol do?
Glycogenesis, glucogenesis, protein catabolism, lipolysis, stress response, increase acid
Deficiency of which other electrolyte will effect hypocalcaemia
Magnesium
The Adrenal medulla is….
Middle
The Adrenal Cortex is…..
Outer (protects)
Warfarin affects which factors
2,7,9,10, protein C
Spleen Red pulp action
Filters the blood of antigens and damaged RBCs
Spleen White pulp action
reticuloendothelial cords and white lymphoid follicles are present
What reduces during stress response (3 hormones)
insulin, testosterone, oestrogen
Primary function of PTH
Increase calcium, decrease Phosphate
Which cell in the bones resorbs calcium
Ostoclasts
What are the 3 ways calcium increased
Bone resorption, renal reabsorption, bowel absorption
How is bowel reabsorption of calcium signalled
The kidneys produce 1,25 OH2D which increase bowel reabsorption
Primary Aldosteronism (CONNS) has what effect?
Sodium is increasingly conserved, potassium lost
Where is calcitonin secreted?
The thyroid gland - C cells
Where is calcitonin secreted?
The thyroid gland - C cells
What does calcitonin do
The opposite of PTH - reduce calcium absorption in gut, reduce osteoclast resorption, inhibit tubular absorption of calcium
Which part of the bowel produces the most K
Rectum
What do parietal cells secrete
HCL, Ca, Na, Mg, IF
What do Chief cells secrete
Pepsinogen
What is the function of insulin
It is secreted in response to hyperglycaemia, for glucose utilisation and glycogen synthesis, inhibit lipolysis
What 4 hormones are increased in stress response
Cortisol, ACTH, GH, ADH
