Paediatric Surgery

Question 1

What factors come with oesophageal atresia?

Answer 1

Polyhydramnios and trace-oesophageal fistula and VACTERL

Question 2

What is VACTERL

Answer 2

Vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, trachea-oeosophageal, renal, radial limb abnormalities

Question 3

What’s commonest organism septic arthritis?

Answer 3

Staph Aureus

Question 4

Risks of cryptorchidism?

Answer 4

reduced fertility, undescended increased malignancy risk

Question 5

How to treat muconeum plug in CF

Answer 5

enema n-acetyl-cysteine, dilute gastrograffin

Question 6

Cherry red anal lesion in child?

Answer 6

Juvenile polyps

Question 7

obese male - pain referring to knee - reduced internal rotation?

Answer 7

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis

Question 8

5-12yrs, pain referred to knee - short - hyperactive

Answer 8

Perthes disease

Question 9

Midline swelling, heterogenous on imaging

Answer 9

Dermoid cyst

Question 10

Anterior to the SCM, near mandible, anechoic on USS

Answer 10

Branchial cyst

Question 11

Thyroglossal cyst

Answer 11

Anterior triangle, usually midline, below hyoid, anechoic on USS

Question 12

Transilluminates, posterior triangle

Answer 12

cystic hygroma

Question 13

How do you assess for hirshspurngs disease

Answer 13

full thickness rectal biopsy

Question 14

What is urachus

Answer 14

urinary discharge from umbilicus

Question 15

Management of Inguinal hernia in children?

Answer 15

Herniotomy

Question 16

Management of Inguinal hernia in infants?

Answer 16

Emergency operation

Question 17

conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin for biliary atresia?

Answer 17

Conjugated bilirubin will rise in biliary atresia

Question 18

What operation is used for biliary atresia?

Answer 18

KASAI procedure

Question 19

Which cyst is above the hyoid?

Answer 19

dermoid cyst

Question 20

which cyst is below the hyoid?

Answer 20

thyroglossal cyst

Question 21

Testes not palpable or locatable with USS how do you proceed?

Answer 21

Laparoscopy

Question 22

At what age should orchidopexy if needed take place?

Answer 22

6-18 months

Question 23

Joint pain, mildly elevated inflammatory markers and a recent viral illness?

Answer 23

Transient synovitis

Question 24

What operative management for malrotation of intestines?

Answer 24

Ladds procedure

Question 25

What is Alagille syndrome?

Answer 25

Autosomal dominant condition, paucity of bile ducts and cardiac defects

Question 26

At what age should an umbilical hernia be repaired in children?

Answer 26

3 years old

Question 27

What is choanal atresia?

Answer 27

congenital narrowing of the back of the nasal cavity - causes difficulty breathing

Question 28

No differentiation between cortex and medulla, symptoms of anaemia, thrombocytopenia?

Answer 28

Osteoporosis

Question 29

At what ages should orchidopexy take place?

Answer 29

If appropriate 6-18 months

Question 30

What causes a unilateral cleft lip?

Answer 30

incomplete fusion of nasolabial muscle rings

Question 31

If XR not showing a suspected perches what is the imaging modality of choice?

Answer 31

MRI

Question 32

Hip pain and recent viral illness ?

Answer 32

Transiet synovitis

Question 33

What operation do you use to treat malrotation intestines ?

Answer 33

Ladds procedure

Question 34

What do you see elevated in physiological jaundice?

Answer 34

unconjugated bilirubin will be raised

Question 35

At what ages should umbilical hernia be repaired?

Answer 35

3 years

Question 36

What is choanal atreasia?

Answer 36

congenital narrowing of the back of the nasal cavity