ABGs

Question 1

What are the 2 causes of metabolic acidosis, give 1 example of each

Answer 1

1. gain of strong acid (DKA), 2. loss of base (diarrhoea)

Question 2

Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap is caused by ?

Answer 2

GI loss of bicarb eg. diarrhoea, Renal tubular acidosis, Addisons

Question 3

Metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap is caused by ?

Answer 3

Additional acid - lactate, ketones, rate, acid poisoning

Question 4

What is type A metabolic acidosis secondary to high lactate levels?

Answer 4

Perfusion disorders eg. shock/ hypoxia/ burns

Question 5

What is type B metabolic acidosis secondary to high lactate levels

Answer 5

Metabolic causes

Question 6

What are the 2 causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

Loss of hydrogen ions (acid), Gain of bicarbonate

Question 7

What does aldosterone do

Answer 7

reabsorbtion of sodium in exchange for hydrogen - thus depleting acid

Question 8

How does Hypokalaemia cause metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 8

K shifts from cells into ECF, H shifts into cells to maintain neutrality - causes reduction in acid

Question 9

Name 4 main causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

Vomiting, Diuretics, Hypokalaemia, Primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 10

What is respiratory acidosis caused by

Answer 10

Rise in CO2 levels

Question 11

What are 3 causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

COPD, Decompensated asthma, Sedative drugs

Question 12

What is respiratory alkalosis caused by

Answer 12

Hyperventilation causing loss of CO2

Question 13

What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis (2)

Answer 13

Psychogenic eg. anxiety, Hypoxia secondary to a cause eg. PE